الفوركس التداول في الهند ، ويكيمابيا

كيني، فوريكس تيلاه ديجاديكان سيباجاي صلاح ساتو بينتوك إنفستاسي أوله سيباجيان بيزار ماسياراكات دي دنيا، تيرماسوك إندونيسيا. كيجياتان يانغ ديلاكوكان دلام دنيا فوريكس أدالا بيرداغانغان ماتا أونغ أسينغ دلام سيبواه فوريكس ترادينغ يانغ تاك لين ميروباكان سيبواه باسار تيربيزار دي دنيا يانغ ميلاكوكان ترانكسي بيرداغانغان نيلاي توكار ماتا اانغ دي باسار يانغ إنترناسيونال. سيلاما بروسس ترانزاكسي، ترادر ​​فوريكس ميمبلي ساتو ماتا يانغ دان منجوال يانغ لين. سيتيلا إيتو، ماتا أوانغ تيرسيبوت ديبيري هارجا دان ديترادينغكان سيكارا بيرباسانغان. دي سيني، تيداك أدا بوسات بيرتوكاران سيكارا فيسيك. ترانزاكسي فوركس بيرلانغسونغ سيجاك التداول بيباس ديلاكوكان سيكارا النظراء، بيرورانغان، ميلالوي تيليبون أتاو على الانترنت. سيبيرتي يانغ تيلاه ديسبوتكان دي أتاس، فالاس أتاو فوريكس أدالا سواتو جينيس ترانزاكسي أتاو بيرداغانغان يانغ ميمبرداغانغكان ماتا أوغ سواتو نيغارا ترهاداب ماتا أوغ نيغارا لين (باسانغان ماتا أونغباير). ترانزاكسي إيني ميليباتكان باسار-باسار يانغ أوتاما دي دنيا سيكارا بيركيسينامبونغان سيلاما 24 جام. بيرجيراكان باز فوركس بيربوتار داري باسار سيلانديا بارو دان أستراليا مولاي بوكول 05.00-14.00 ويب. كيموديان، بيرلانجوت كي باسار آسيا (جيب، سينغابورا، دان هونغ كونغ) يانغ بيرلانغسونغ دوكول بوكول 07.00-16.00 ويب. دي إيروبا (الألمانية دان إنغريس) بيرلانغسونغ دوكول بوكول 13.00-22.00 ويب. دي أميريكا سيريكات، تراناكسي إيني بيرلانغسونغ داري بوكول 20.30-10.30 ويب. (سوموت) سومطرة ساراتار سومطرة بارات (سومبار) سومطرة سيلاتان آك كانوبان أرجا ماكمور أروسوكا باليج باندا أتشيه بندر لامبونغ باغانزيابيابي باغانباتو بندر سيري بنتان بانغكينانغ بانغكو بانيواسين باتام باتوراجا باتوسانغكار بينغكاليس بنغكولو بينجاي بينتوهان بيريوين بلامبانغان أومبو بلانغبيدي بلانغ كيجيرن بوكيتينججي كالانغ كوروب دايك دولوك ماراوا دوماي جيدونغ تاتان غونونغ سيتولي غونون سوجيه غونونغ توا إيدي رايوك إندرالايا جامبي جانثو كابانجاهي كالياندا كارانغ بارو كارانغ تينغجي كايو أغونغ كيباهيانغ كيساران كوبا كوتا أغونغ كوتا بومي كوتا بينانغ كوالا تونغكال كوتاكان لاهتومي لانغسا لوكسيوماو لوكسوكون ليمابولوه ليوا لوتو لوبوك باسونغ لوبوك بيندهارو لوبوك لينغاو لوبوك باكام لوبوك سيكابينغ مانجار مانا مارتابورا (سوماتيرا سيلاتان) ميدان منغالا منتوك مترو ميولابوه موريود موارا أمان موارا بوليان موارا بونغو موارا دوا موارا إنيم موارا ساباك موارا تيبو موارو سيجونجونغ موكو موكو با دانغ بادانج أرو بادانج بانجانج بادانج Sidempuan باغار عالم بينبان باليمبانج باندان في Pangkalan كيرينسى بانغكال بينانغ Panguruan Panyabungan باريامان باريت Malintang باسير Pengarayan باياكومبو بيكانبارو بيماتانغسياتار برايوموليه Pringsewu بولاو Punjung Ranai رانتاو برابات راية رنغات سابانج سالاك Sarilamak Sarolangun سواهلونتو ساي Rampah Sekayu في Selat بانجانج Sengeti سياك لانكا Indrapura سيبولجا سيبوهوان سيديكالانغ سيغلي سيمبانغ إمبات سيمبانغ تيغا ريدلونغ سينابانغ سينغكيل سيبيروك سولوك ستبات سوبولوسلام سوكادانا سوكا ماكمو سونغايليات سونغاي بينوه تاكنغون تيس تانجونغ بالاي سوميراتارا تانجونغ بالاي كاريمون (كيبولاوان رياو) تانجونغ إنيم تانجونغ باندان تانجونغ بينانغ تاباكتوان تاريمبا تاروتنغ تيبينغ تينغجي (سوماتيرا أوتارا) تيبينغ تينغجي (سوماتيرا سيلاتان) تيلوك دلام تيلوك كوانتان تمبيلاهان توبوالي توباجات أوجونغ تانجونغ جاوا تيمور (جاتيم) جاوا بارات (جبار) جاوا تينغاه (جاتنغ) باندونج بانجيل بنجار (جاوا بارات) بانجالان بانتول بانيوماس بانيوانجي باتانج باتو بيكاسي بليتار بلورا بوجور بوجونيغورو بوندووسو بويولالي بومايو بريبيس سيانجور سياميس سيبينونغ سيكامبيك سيكارانغ سيلاكاب سيليغون سيريبون ديماك ديبوك غاروت غريسيك إندرامايو جاكرتا بوسات جاكرتا بارات جاكرتا تيمور جاكرتا سيلاتان جيمبر جيبارا جومبانغ كاجين كارانغانيار كيبومين كيديري كيندال كيبانجن كلاتن Kraksaan كودوس كونينجان امونجان Lumajang ماديون ماجيلانج Magetan Majalengka مالانج Mojokerto مونغكيد Ngamprah Nganjuk Ngawi Pacitan Pamekasan Pandeglang باري باتى زقاق بيكالونجان بيلابوهان راتو Pemalang Ponorogo Probolinggo Purbalingga Purwakarta Purwodadi بوروكيرتو بوروريجو Rangkasbitung Rembang سالاتيغا Sampang سيمارانج سيرانج Sidayu سيدوارجو Singaparna سيتوبوندو سلاوى سليمان Soreang Sragen سوبانج سوكابومي سوكوهارجو Sumber سوميدانغ سومينيب سورابايا سوراكارتا تاسيكمالايا تانجيرانغ تانجيرانج سيلاتان تي غال تيمانغونغ تيغاراكسا ترينغاليك توبان تولونغ أغونغ أونغاران ويتس ولينغى ونوجيري ونوساري ونوسوبو يوجياكارتا نوسا تينجارا بارات (نتب) نوسا تينغارا تيمور (نت) أتامبوا با بادونغ باجاوا بانغلي بيما دنباسار دومبو إند جيانيار كلاباهي كارانغاسم كيفامينانو كلونغكونغ كوبانغ لابوهان باجو لارانتوكا ليوليبا مومير ماتارام مباي نيغارا برايا رابا روتنغ سيلونغ سينغاراجا سو سومباوا بيزار تابانان تاليوانغ تامبولاكا تانجونغ (نوسا تينجارا بارات) ويباكول ويكابوباك وينغابو كاليمانتان كاليمانتان بارات (كالبار) كاليمانتان سيلاتان (كالسيل) كاليمانتان تنغاه (كالتنغ) كاليمانتان تيمور (كالتيم) كاليمانتان أوتارا (كالتارا) بونتياناك ساماريندا بانجارماسين باليكبابان سينغكاوانغ بالانغكارايا ميمبواه كيتابانغ سينتانغ تاراكان بوتسيباو سامباس سامبيت بانجاربارو باراباي باتانغ تارانغ باتوليسين بنغكايانغ بونتانج بونتوك كاندانجان كوتابارو كوالا كابواس كوالا كورون كوالا بيمبوانج ماليناو ماراباهان مارتابورا موارا تيوي h نانغا بوليك نانغا بينوه نغابانغ نونوكان بانغكلان بون بارينجين بيلايهاري بيناجام بولانغ بيساو بوروكاهو رانتاو سانغاتا سيكاداو سيندوار سوكادانا سوكامارا سونغاي راية تاميانغ ليانغ تاناه غروغوت تانجونغ تانجونغ سيلور تانجونغ ريدب تينغارونغ تيدنغ بالي سولاويسي سولاويسي أوتارا (سولوت) سولاويسي سيلاتان (سولسل) ) سولاويسي تينغارا (سولتنغ) إيرماديدي أمبانا أمورانغ أندولو بانغاي بانتينغ بارو باو-باو بينتنغ بيتونغ بولانغ أوكي بوروكو بولوكومبا بونغكو بول بورانغا دونغالا إنريكانغ غورونتالو جينيبونتو كاوانغكوان كينداري كولاكا كوتاموباغو كواندانغ لاسوسوا لووك ماجين ماكال ماكاسار أوجونغ باندانغ ماليلي ماماسا ماموجو مانادو (مينادو) ماريسا ماروس ماسامبا ميلونغوان أوندونغ سياو بالوبو بالو بانكاجين بير-باري باريجي باسانغكايو بينرانغ بولوالي بوسو راحا رانتيباو راتاهان رومبيا سنغكانغ سيدنرنغ سيجي بيرومارو سينجاي سونغو ميناسا سوواوا تاهونا تاكالار تيلاموتا تولي تولي توموهون توندانو توتويان أوناها وانجي وانغي وانغودو واتامبون واتان سوبنغ كليكرز ليبو بالما مالوكو دان بابوا أغاتس أمبون باندا بياك بينتوني بوتاوا بورميسو داتاران هونيموا داتاران هونيبوبو دوبو إليم إناروتالي فاك فاك فيف إيلاغا جايلولو جايابورا كايمانا كاروباغا كينيام كيبي كيغاماني كيسار كوباكما كوتا موليا كوموركيك لابوها لارات ليكسولا مابا مانوكواري ماسوهي ميروك موروتاي سيلاتان نابير نامليا نامرول أوكسيبيل أوبو باسو بيرو راسيي سانانا ساباروا سارمي سوملاكي سينتاني سيروي سورنديويري سورونغ سوغابا سوموهي تاناه ميرا تيمينابوان ترنيت تياكور تيدور تيجي تيميكا تيوم توبيلو توالي ويساي وامينا واريس ويدا فوركس مصنع الفوركس فوركس إندونيسيا فوريكس أدالا فوريكس ترادينغ فوركسروس فوريكس نو إيداع مكافأة الفوركس أخبار فوريكس كاسكوس الفوركس مينوروت الإسلام الفوركس مصنع الفوركس اندونيسيا فوريكس أدالا الفوركس تداول فوريكس لا إيداع مكافأة الفوركس أخبار فوريكس كاسكوس فوركس مينوروت الإسلام فوريكس التقويم فوريكس غراتيس فوريكس أدالا تحليل الفوركس الفوركس عدالة حرام الفوركس الروبوت فوريكس الجيش فوريكس أناليسا فوريكس أمان فوريكس أكاديمي فوريكس أرمادا فوريكس أتاو سهم فوركس a-فوريكس لت a فوريكس تريد a فوريكس ترادينغ خطة نظام فوريكس يعمل نظام الفوركس الذي يعمل في الواقع الفوركس وسيط تداول العملات الأجنبية a فوريكس a فوريكس ترادينغ سيستيم الذي يعمل الفوركس وسيط الفوركس باسكامب الفوركس مكافأة لا إيداع الفوركس مكافأة الفوركس بيلاجار الفوركس وسيط اندونيسيا الفوركس بكا فوريكس بيسنيس الفوركس ثنائي الفوركس وسيط مراجعة b الفوركس b الفوركس وسيط إنك b الفوركس التداول b الفوركس التداول عبر الانترنت b الفوركس إس الحقيقي b الفوركس الربح b فوريكس التجارة فوريكس b كتاب نيك b فوريكس فورككسيمي بف فوريكس تقويم فوريكسكوبي الفوركس تحويل فوريكس المخطط الفوركس مسابقة الفوركس حاسبة الفوركس أزمة الفوركس القهوة الفوركس العملات الفوركس المخطط الانترنت ج فوريكس فكس فاكتوري. c فوركسروس سيسي التاجر الفوركس آرون ج فوريكس إشارة x - الفوركس. c.la تحميل مجانا x-forex. c.la تحميل المهد النقد الاجنبى الفوركس كوي كوي الفوركس ج فوريكس دلام إسلام فوريكس تجريبي فوريكس حساب تجريبي فوريكس داسار فوريكس دي و رويد فوريكس ديمو مسابقة فوريكس دي إندونيسيا فوريكس ديبوسيت بانك لوكال فوريكس دايلي فوريكس دينغان مودال مجانا d فوريكس دتم فوريكس فوريكس d. o.o فوريكس d نيت فوريكس d أليمبرت فوريكس d. o.o. المسام الفوركس د سنز دباولز الفوركس دالمبرت فوريكس ستراتيغي دك فوريكس راجكوت الفوركس إماس الفوركس التقويم الاقتصادي الفوركس الفوركس إي مولد فوركس يبوك فوريكس إماس اندونيسيا الفوركس التعرض فوريكس يوروس ليف فوريكس خبير المستشار الفوركس إي e-فوريكس e فوريكس التداول e الفوركس مجلة e الفوركس الهند e الفوركس الذهب e-فوريكسغولد بطاقة الخصم e الفوركس العملات e الفوركس إشارة e فوريكس e-forex. su فوريكس مصنع الفوركس مصنع تقويم الفوركس فبس فوركس منتدى فوريكس توقعات فوريكس المنتدى اندونيسيا فوريكس فري إيداع الفوركس الأساسية الفوركس الفوركس فوركس f فوركس الأمثل f فوركس f بيلاجار فوريكس فوركس فوريكس فوركس f-إكو فوريكس دايلي فوريكس تأمين فوريكس فر الفوركس خاص محدود فر الفوركس في أنديري فوريكس مجانا فوريكس مجانا 2018 فوريكس مجانا تانبا إيداع 2018 فوريكس غراتيسان فوريكس مجانا إيداع فوريكس مجانا 5 فوريكس مولد فوريكس لعبة فوريكس مجانية نو ديبوس فوريكس غريتونغان g الفوركس الفوركس g - قوة الفوركس غمب غ فوريكس g سم الفوركس غك الفوركس غب فوريكس نغ فوريكس السوق g سامداني الفوركس غو فوريكس الفوركس هاري إيني فوركس هرام الفوركس هاري إيني كاسكوس فوريكس هاريان فوريكس هكد برو فوريكس المقدسة غرايل فوريكس التحوط استراتيجية حماية ضد الخسائر الفوركس حلال آتاو الهرم هورس مينوروت الإسلام الفوركس هوكوم الإسلام فوركس حرام h فوركس 4 h فوريكس استراتيجية فوريكسيم (هك) لت ل فوركس ه فوريكس ريتس هاي فوريكس والاستشارات مرحبا فوريكس الاستشارات سرل هب الفوركس h - اسبيدر الفوركس h - اسبيدر الفوركس روبوت الفوركس اندونيسيا الفوركس اندونيسيا تيربيركايا الفوركس إيتو أبا مؤشر الفوركس الفوركس إمف فوريكس اندونيسيا حر تانبا إيداع الفوركس اندونيسيا تيربايك الفوركس الاسلام الفوركس اسلام اوريكس اندونيسيا ايفوريكس i فوريكس التداول إيفوريكس استعراض إيفوريكس التداول عبر الإنترنت إيفوريكس على الانترنت i فوريكس تسجيل الدخول i فوريكس ويكي أنا فوريكس منتدى i فوريكس التداول التدريب i فوريكس تاجر فوريكس جوجيا فوريكس جودي فوريكس جاكرتا فوركس جيتو فوريكس الجينز فوريكس جمبر فوريكس مجلة فوريكس جبي فوريكس جودي أبا بوكان فوريكس وظيفة سنغافورة جفوريكس منصة j فوريكس j فوريكس روبوت جفوريكس فكسد j تالون ليك فوريكس البصرية جفوريكس j تالون الفوركس جنبسدز ج فوريكس دوكاسكوبي جفوريكس لج فوريكس كاسكسوس f أوريكس كانغ فوركس كيكس فوريكس كيلير فوريكس كيديري فوريكس كورس فوريكس كالندر فوريكس فرسان فوريكس كغ فوريكس كالكولاتور نقاط k فوريكس مك فوريكس بت لت كمية k فوركس فوريكس k بنك فوركس أوك فوريكس دك فوريكس راجكوت سك فوريكس أنديري أوك فوريكس حلول سرو غك فوريكس فوريكس ليف فوريكس ليف تشارت فوريكس لوكال فوريكس ليفيراج فوريكس ليف تشارت فوريكس لين فوريكس طويل الأجل نظام التداول فوريكس خط عدالة الفوركس منخفضة انتشار الفوركس القانونية l الفوركس سي الفوركس بل فوريكس فوريكس ليف فوريكس ل نل فوركس بل فوريكس شبكة لندن لينكيسيتور الفوركس نل فوريكس المحدودة بل فوريكس شبكة شيكاغو الفوركس مينوروت الإسلام الفوركس المعادن الفوركس م فوريكس ميتا ماتيكا فوركس مينوروت يوسف منصور الفوركس السوق الفوركس سوق الفوركس موداه فوريكس مشروط كيسيل فوريكس مالانج m الفوركس بونديشيري m الفوركس m. الفوركس مصنع m فوركس كونكورس m الفوركس تصنيف الفوركس m نمط m سهلة الفوركس m كيشوري فوريكس استراتيجيات مك فوريكس بت لت 15 م فوريكس إستراتيجية الفوركس لا إيداع مكافأة فوريكس نيوس فوريكس لا خسارة فوريكس نيوس ترادينغ فوريكس نو ديبوسيت بونوس أوغست 201 4 فوريكس نيوس فيد فوريكس نيوس أوبديت فوريكس نيوس دان إفينيا فوريكس نيوس إندونيسيا فوريكس نيوس توداي n فوريكس n فوريكس ستراثفيلد فوريكس نيوس فوريكس نبور فوريكس ن النقدية بن فوريكس أحمد آباد نل فوركس نز فوريكس فوريكس بالارد إستات نل فوركس لت فوريكس أونلين فوريكس أونلين مغير فوريكس أوبتيموم فوركس أوبتيونس فوريكس أونلين إندونيسيا فوريكس أوبتيون فوريكس أونلين تشارت فوريكس أونلين غراتيس فوريكس أونلين مورا فوريكس أوبتيون أدالا o فوريكس o فوريكسو o فوريكس o فوريكس o فوريكس أوكلوك فوريكس o كو تشودزي فوركس o أوفيوني بيناري فوركس o أزيوني فوريكس السلام الجيش فوريكس بيمولا فوركس إكسبورت فوركس بيمولا كاسكس فوركس الربح نظام الفوركس بينيبوان فوريكس باليمبانغ p الفوركس الفوركس بلتب الفوركس ممسحة الفوركس الفوركس بل حاسبة الفوركس p بيكلينغ لصق فوركسروس فوريكس يف المخططات فوريكس يف فوركس p الجيش الفوركس إقتباس فوريكس يقتبس لايف فوريكس اقتبس تحديث فوريكس اقتباس الفوركس مسابقة الفوركس الاقتباس لايف فوريكس كواتس فوريكس كواترو روبوت الفوركس يقتبس العملات الفوركس يقتبس ليف قطعة شحن مجاني طلب (1) فوريكس q فوريكس فكس أضف إلى قائمة الأماني. فوريكس q الفوركس q إس ميركادو فوريكس كورد فوريكس q إس ميركادو فوريكس فوركس روبوت الفوركس الحلاقة الفوركس روبوستا القهوة الفوركس ريسمي اندونيسيا الفوركس روبوت تيربيك فوريكس الخصم فوريكس روبوت أفضل أداء فوركس روبوت فري فوريكس ريسمي الفوركس روبا r الفوركس r الفوركس مؤشر سوني r فوركس سونيك r فوركس مصنع سر فوركس سونيك r فوركس نظام ويليامز r فوركس ويليامز r فوركس نظام ويليامز r فوركس مؤشر شنر الفوركس الفوركس إشارة الفوركس سيريا الفوركس شارع الفوركس استراتيجية الفوركس سورابايا فوريكس إشارات الفوركس استراتيجيات الفوركس سلخ فروة الرأس النقد الاجنبى سهم النقد الاجنبى إشارة 30 s-فوريكس s-فوريكس كفت s فوركس لت فوركسرو s فوركس سي فوركس سر فوركس كامبيو سا فوركسروس سب الآجلة فوركسان s فوركسروس سب 500 الآجلة الفوركس تداول فوريكس تانبا مشروط تداول الفوركس عدالة فوريكس تيربيركايا الفوركس التداول اندونيسيا الفوركس تسد فوريكس تستر الفوركس تيربيك فوريكس تداول تجريبي فوريكس تيربيركايا 2018 t الفوركس t-فوريكس كفت t-فوريكس كفت تيزاجفروس t الفوركس قناص الفوركس t شير تيسي فوريكس تب فوريكس تي شيرت توشر t الفوركس 360 t الفوركس الفوركس تي سنترال الفوركس ونفورم بيمولا الفوركس وندرويد الروبوت الفوركس أوسد الفوركس أوسد الفوركس ونكس فوركس هيدوب الفوركس تحديث الفوركس جامعة الفوركس أوكرانيا u الفوركس يو بدوره فوريكس يو التنبيهات يوتيوب الفوركس الفوركس يو بدوره يا التجارة الفوركس الفوركس ش سربيجي فوركس ش هرفاتسكوغ فوركس u كرنوج غوري فوركسروس لنا القطن الفوركس مصنع فوريكس فس فوريكس فالس الفوركس مقابل سهم الفوركس فالوتا أسينغ الفوركس الظاهري فوريكس عبر الروبوت فوريكس فالاس اندونيسيا الفوركس مقابل م الفوركس حجم v فوريكس الفوركس v 1.0 فوريكس v.1 ماستر v فوريكس كاسا فوركس v.2 فوريكس v تاشكنت فوريكس v أوزبيسيستان فوريكس فا الواجهة البحرية فوريكس v سلوفينييجي فوريكس ماستر-v فوريكس الفائز فوريكس ويكيبيديا فوريكس ترحيب مكافأة فوريكس ترحيب مكافأة 2018 فوريكس مع بايبال الفوركس الفائز فوريكس تعقب نظام فوريكس ترحيب مكافأة لا إيداع 2018 فوريكسوينر رو فوريكس الفائز استراتيجية الفوركس خلفيات ث فوركس الفوركس w بولسس الفوركس w تشاسي رزكزيويستيم الفوركس ث براكتيس. فاديمكوم إنستيتورا ووتويغو تشوميكوج الفوركس ث براكتيس الفوركس ث براكتيس تشوميكوج الفوركس ث براكتيس. فاديكوم إنستيتورا وودويغو فوركس w مبانكو فوركس w بزوبك فوريكس ث كو إنستواك فوريكس شم فوركس تشارت الفوركس x كود مؤشر الفوركس التجارة الفوركس x - المستغل الفوركس إكسكد فوركس شاو أوسد فوركس x رمز مؤشر تحميل مجانا الفوركس x رمز مؤشر مراجعة شم الفوركس x فوريكس x فوريكس تسجيل الدخول x-forex. c.la تحميل مجانى x-forex. c.la تحميل x فوركس ريتس x فوريكس x فوريكس أفيس x فوريكس المنتدى x فوريكس تجريبي الفوركس يوتيوب فوريكس يانغ أمان فوريكس يانغ تيربيركايا الفوركس يانغ ترادافتار دي بابيبتي الفوركس يانغ ميموريكان مشروط مجانا 2018 الفوركس جوجيا الفوركس يوتيوب تعليمي فوريكس يانغ باغوس فوريكس يج تيربيركايا الفوركس الين y فوريكس الفوركس مصنع ريوترز نيويورك الفوركس إغلاق الأسعار الفوركس ذ الفوركس y العملات الأجنبية العملات الأجنبية العملات الفوركس ذ ماتيرياس بريماس الفوركس كفد فوريكس ذ فوتوروس الفوركس متعرج استراتيجية الفوركس متعرج مؤشر الفوركس زولوتريد الفوركس متعرج الفوركس صفر مجموع لعبة الفوركس زولو الفوركس مؤشر متعرج استراتيجية الفوركس صفر انتشار فوريكس متعرج نظام الفوركس صفر مجموع z الفوركس نز فوريكس داين z فوريكس زسكي z الفوركس بوديتك z فوركسو z الفوركس ميليونيرزي z فوريكس زبياج z الفوركس أوبيني ميليونيرزي z الفوركس زاربياج z الفوركس الفوركس 0 انتشار الفوركس 0.01 الكثير الفوركس 0 نقطة انتشار الفوركس 0.1 الكثير الفوركس 0.001 الكثير الفوركس 0 إيداع الفوركس 0.5 نقطة الفوركس 0 نقطة الفوركس 00 مستويات الفوركس 0.01 0 الفوركس الفوركس 0 انتشار الفوركس 0 نقطة انتشار الفوركس 0 الودائع 0 انتشار الفوركس وسيط 0 انتشار الفوركس وسطاء 0 انتشار الفوركس التداول غمت 0 الفوركس وسيط الفوركس 0 نقطة الفوركس 0 1 وحدة الفوركس 100 الربح الفوركس 100 الفوركس 100 بيرسن الربح الفوركس 101 نقطة مؤشر الفوركس 101 فوريكس 10000 روبوت الفوركس 1 يوم الفوركس 1 دقيقة سلخ فروة الرأس الفوركس 1 نقطة فوريكس 100 مكافأة إيداع 1 فو ريكس الكثير 1 فوريكس 1 الفوركس استراتيجية 1 فوريكسف 1 الفوركس مكافأة 1 الفوركس وسيط 1 الفوركس التداول 1 الفوركس المنتدى 1 فوريكس حساب فوريكس 1 دقيقة استراتيجية الفوركس 2018 الفوركس 247 الفوركس 2 الفوركس 21 فوريكس 25 أغسطس الفوركس 20 نقطة يوميا الفوركس 2018 مكافأة فوريكس 2018 فوريكس 2018 فوريكس 20 نقطة في اليوم 2 فوريكس 2 فوريكس حسابات فوريكس تستر 2 كجن النقد الاجنبى اختبار 2 الفوركس اختبار 2 الكراك فوريكس 2 القاعدة الفوركس 2 في المئة يوميا فوريكس 2 يوميا ثور 2 فوريكس غمت 2 الفوركس وسيط الفوركس 3000 دولار الفوركس 360 فوريكس 30 دقيقة استراتيجية الفوركس 30 نقطة الفوركس 3d فوريكس 30 إشارة الفوركس 3 البط نظام الفوركس 3 البط الفوركس 3 أزواج التحوط الفوركس 3 البط نظام التداول 3 الفوركس استراتيجيات 3 فوريكس أنظمة التداول الميكانيكية الفوركس 3 البط نظام الفوركس 3 البط الفوركس 3 أزواج التحوط الفوركس 3 البط نظام التداول فوريكس 3 زوج التحوط الفوركس 3 خط كسر الفوركس 3 إما ماسد 3 الفوركس نظام التداول الفوركس 4 كنت فوريكس 4live مؤشر الفوركس 4 نوبس فوركس 4 ش فوركس 4 أرقام مقابل 5 أرقام الفوركس 4hr استراتيجية فوركس 4 h نظام الفوركس 4 الفوركس 4xp الفوركس 4x 4 الفوركس 4 الفوركس في الاستثمار 4 الفوركس شبكة الاستثمار 4 الفوركس المغيرون 4 الفوركس تخصص الفوركس 4 كنت فوريكس 4 نوبس فوركس 4 ش فوريكس 4 ساعة استراتيجية التداول الفوركس 4 ساعة استراتيجية الفوركس 5 أرقام الفوركس 5 فوريكس 5 العشرية الأماكن الفوركس 5 نقطة يوميا فوريكس 5 نقطة استراتيجية الفوركس 5000 دولار روبوت فوريكس 500 فوريكس 500 بلوس فوريكس 50 نقطة فوركس 50 نقطة في اليوم 5 فوريكس 5 فوريكس فس 5 فوركس وسيط أنواع تحتاج إلى معرفته عن فوريكس 5 دقيقة سلخ فروة الرأس فوريكس 5 دقيقة سلخ فروة الرأس فوريكس 5 دقيقة تشارت فوركس 5 أرقام فوريكس 5 دقائق نظام التداول فوريكس 5 نجوم نظام الفوركس 5 دقائق فوريكس 60 ثانية الفوركس 6 أزواج رئيسية الفوركس 6 أشهر توقعات فوريكس 6 ملليمتر الفوركس 60 سيكوندن الفوركس 678 الفوركس 60 ثانية ثنائي خيارات نظام الفوركس 60 سنتي الفوركس 626a الفوركس 623a فم الارسال 6 فوريكس إدارة المخاطر نصائح 6 فوريكس أزواج الرئيسية 6 فوريكس ماناجيمنت 6 نصائح تداول الفوركس للمبتدئين الفوركس 6 توقعات الشهر 6 أفضل أنظمة تداول الفوركس في العالم 6 أرقام الفوركس وسيط 6 أرقام الفوركس الفوركس 6 التخصصات الفوركس 6 في الشهر الفوركس 7 أزواج العملات الأجنبية الكبرى 7 أيام أسبوع الفوركس 7 أيام الفوركس 7 خطوط الفوركس 724 الفوركس 70 القراد الرسم البياني الفوركس 7 أيام نظام الفوركس 7 الفوركس 7 دني w تيغودنيو الفوركس 70 فوز معدل الفوركس خطوط 7 الفوركس 7 أيام الفوركس خط 7 الفوركس 7 خطوط الفوركس 724 ويندوز 7 الفوركس أداة ويندوز 7 الفوركس القطعة القرش 7 الفوركس 247 الفوركس وسيط ويندوز 7 الفوركس الأدوات الفوركس 8nv الفوركس 8 ساعة الرسم البياني الفوركس 8 ساعة الرسم البياني استراتيجية الفوركس 8 أزواج العملات الأجنبية الرئيسية 88 فوريكس 80 فوريكس 8 ملليمتر الفوركس 80-20 استراتيجية الفوركس 80 20 قاعدة الفوركس 888 الفوركس خطوط 8 ويندوز 8 فوريكس ويندوز الهاتف 8 فوريكس ويندوز الهاتف 8 فوريكس التطبيق فوريكس 8 هور تشارت فوريكس 8 ساعة الرسم البياني استراتيجية الفوركس 8 أزواج العملات الرئيسية 8 أزواج ويندوز 8 فوريكس التطبيق إيلان 8 فوريكس الفوركس 90 دقة الفوركس 96 المخبر الفوركس 99 الفوركس 99 معدل النجاح فوريكس 90 نظام دقيق فوريكس 96 المخبر تحميل الفوركس 99 الربح الفوركس 90 دقيقة الفوركس 90 استراتيجية الفوركس 90 فوز معدل 9 الفوركس تداول الأسرار 9 فوريكس أنظمة الفوركس 9 11 9 المهنية الفوركس المهاجم 9 فوريكس وئام 9 الفوركس مؤشر 9 إما الفوركس مربع من 9 الفوركس الفوركس 9 فيبرايو فوريكس 9 الفوركس 100 الربح الفوركس 100 الفوركس 100 بيرسن الربح الفوركس 101 نقطة مؤشر الفوركس 101 فوريكس 10000 روبوت الفوركس 100 مكافأة إيداع الفوركس 1000 نقطة مراجعة الفوركس 10 نقطة يوميا فوريكس 10 نقطة استراتيجية اليوم 10 استراتيجية الفوركس 10 الفوركس استراتيجية بدف 10 فوريكس 10 فوريكس استراتيجية روب بوكر 10 فوريكس أكونت 10 فوريكس تيبس 10 الفوركس وسطاء الفوركس 10 نقطة يوميا فوريكس 10 نقطة استراتيجية الفوركس 10 نقطة موزع موزع كولاكان ألمات بوسات غروسير جوال مورا دروبشيب ريسيلر كاب أسيه بارات كيك. كاواي السادس عشر وويلا بوبون أرونغان لامباليك يوهان بهلاوان ميولابوه سونغاي ماس وويلا بارات وويلا تيمور بانتي سيوريومن ساماتيغا كاب أسيه بارات دايا بباح روت بلانغبيدي كوالا باتي مانغنغ سوسوه تانغان تانغان كاب أسيه بيزر بيتسلام دارول إمارا دارول كمال دار السلام إندرابوري إنجين جايا كرونغ بارونا جايا كوتا بارو كوتا المهد غلي جانثو كوتا مالاكا ليمباه سيولواه لونغا ليوبونغ لونغ مسجيد راية مونتاسيك بيوكان بادا بورواسه سيوليميوم سيمبانغ تيغا سوكا ماكمور كاب أسه جايا جايا كرونغ سابيكالانغ بانغات سامبو نيت سيتيا باكتي تيونوم كاب أسه سيلاتان باكونغان باكونغان تيمور كلوت سيلاتان كلويت تنغاه كلويت تيمور كلوت أوتارا لابوهان حاجي لابوهان حاجي بارات لابوهان حاج تيمور تيمور ميوكيك باسي رجا سما دوا ساوانغ تاباك توان ترومون ترومون تيمور كاب أسه سينغكيل داناو باريس غونونغ ميريا كوتا باهارو بولاو بانياك سيمبانغ كانان سينغكيل سينغكيل أوتارا سينغكوهور سورو بارو كاب أسه تاميانغ بيندهارا كارانغ بارو كيجوروان مودا كوالا سيمبانغ مانياك بايد رانتاو سيورواي تاميانغ هولو كاب أسه تنغاه في u لينتانغ بيبيسن بيس بينتانغ سيلالا جاغونغ جيجيت كيباياكان كيتول كيوت بانانغ لوتار لينغ إساك بيغاسينغ روسيب أنتارا سيليه نارا تاكينغون كاب أسه تينغغارا بابول ماكمور بابول رحمة بابوسلام بدر بامبل بوكيت توسام دار الحسنة كوتاكان لاوي لاس لا بولان لاوي سيغالا غالا سيمادام أسه تيمور باندا ألام بيرم بايون دارول أمان دارول إيكسان إيدي رايوك إيدي تونينغ إندرا ماكمور جولوك مادات نورسلام بانتي بيوداري بيوداوا بيوريولاك بيوريولاك بارات بيوريولاك تيمور رانتاو سيلامات رانتو بيوريولاك سيربا جاديلوكوب سيمبانغ جيرنيه سيمبانغ أوليم سونغاي راية كاب أسيه أوتارا باكتيا باكتيا بارات المهد جيريك ديوانتارا كوتا ماكمور لانغكان لوكسوكون ماتانغ كولي ميورا موليا موارا باتو نيبونغ نسام بايا باكونج ساموديرا ساوانج سيونودون سيمبانج كيورامات سيامتاليرا أرون سيامتاليرا بايو تانا لواس تاناه جامبو آيي تاناه باسير كاب بينر ميريا بندر بوكيت بيرماتا بينتو ريم سيمبانغ تيغا ريديلون سيا كوالا تيمانغ غاجاه ويه بيسام كاب بيريون بيريوين غاندا بورا جانكا جيونيب جيومبا جولي كوتا جوانغ كو آلا كوتا بلانغ ماكمور باندرا بيودادا بيوسانغان بيوسانغان سيلاتان بيوسانغان سيبلاه كرونغ بريمبانغ سامالانغا سيمبانغ مامبلام كاب غايو لويس بلانغ كيجيرين كوتا بانجانغ بينينغ ريكيت غايب تيرانغون بوتري بيتونغ بلانغ بيجايون دابونغ جيلانغ بلانغ جيرانغو تيريب جايا بانتان جايا كاب ناغان رايا بيوتونغ دارول ماكمور كوالا سيوناغان سيونغان تيمور سوكا ماكمو كاب بيدي باتي ديليما جيومبانغ غليومبانغ بارو غلومبانغ تيغا غرونغ-غرونغ إيندراجايا كيمبانغ تانجونغ سيغلي مين ميلا موارا تيغا موتيارا موتيارا تيمور بادانغ تيجي بيوكان بارو بيدي ساكتي سيمبانغ تيغا تانغس تيروتروسيب تيتوكيومالا كاب بيدي جايا ميوريودو أوليم جانكا بويا بندر دوا ميورا دوا بندر بارو بانتيراجا ترينغادينغ كاب سيميولو ألافان سالانغ سيميولو تينغاه سيميولو تيمور سيميلو بارات سينابانغ تيلوك دالام تيوباه سيلاتان تيوباه بارات كوتا باندا أسيه باندا أتشيه ميوراكسا جايا بارو باندا راية بيتيرمان لينغ باتا كوتا ألام كوتا رجاء سيا كوالا أولي كارنغ كوتا لانغسا لانغسا لانغزا بارات لانغسا كوتا لانغسا لاما لانغسا تينغوه لانغس a تيمور كوتا لوكسيوماو باندا ساكتي بلانغ مانغات لوكسيوماو موارا دوا كوتا سابانغ سابانغ سوكاكاريا سوكاجايا كوتا سوبولوسالام سوبولوسلام سيمبانغ كيري بينانغغالان روندنغ سلطان دولات لونغكيب كاب أساهان أك كواسان إير باتو إير جومان بندر باسير ماندوج بندر بولاو بونتو بين كيساران كيساران بارات كيساران تيمور ميرانتي بولاو راكيات ساي كيبايانغ سيمبانغ إمبات تانجونغ بالاي أساهان كاب باتوبارا ليمابولوه ميدانغ ديراس ساي سوكا الهواء الطريق تلاوي تانجونج تيرام ساي بالاي كاب دايري بيرامبو غونونغ سيتمبر لي باريرا باربولوان بيغاغان هيلير سيديكالانغ سيمبات نيمبو سيمبات نيمبو هيلير سيمبات نيمبو هولو سيليما بونغا-بونغا سومول تاناه بينيم تيغا لينغا كاب ديلي سيردانغ بانغون بوربا باتانغ كويس بيرينجين بيرو بيرو ديلي توا غالانغ غونونغ ميريا هامباران بيراك كوتاليمبارو لابوهان ديلي لوبوك باكام نامو رامب باجار مارباو بانكور باتو بانتاي لابو بيركوت ساي توان بيتمباك سيبولانجيت سينمبا تانجونغمودا هولو سينيمباه تانجونغمودا هيلير سونغال تانجونغ موراوا كاب هومبانغ هاسودوتان باكتيراجا دولوك S أنغول لينتونغ نيهوتا أونان غانجانغ باككات بارانغينان بارليليتان بولونغ سيجاما بولانغ تارابينتانغ كاب كارو باروسجاه بيراستاجي جوهار كابانجاه كوتا بولوه لوبالنغ مارديندينغ ميريك مانت بايونغ سيمبانغ إمبات تيغا بينانغا تيغا بانا كاب لابوهانباتو أك كو أك ناتاس بيلاه بارات بيلاه هيلير بيلاه هولو كامبونغ راكيات كوتا بينانغ كوالوه هيلير كوالوه هولو كوالوه ليدونغ كوالوه سيلاتان مارباو نا إكس-X باناي هيلير باناي هولو باناي تنغاه بانغكاتان رانتاو برابات رانتاو سيلاتان رانتاو أوتارا سيلانغكيتانغ سونغاي كانان تورغامبا كاب لانكات بابالانبانغكالن براندان باتانغ سيرانغان بيسيتانغ بينجاي بوهوروك براندان بارات جيبانغ هيناي كوالا بادانغ توالانغ بانغكالان سوسو سالابيان ساويت سيبيرانغ سيكانغانغ ساي بينغاي ساي ليبان سيليساي ستابات تانجونغ بورا وامبو كاب ماندلينغ ناتال باتاهان باتانغ ناتال بوكيت مالينتانغ كوتانوبان ليمباه سوريك ميرابي لينغغا بايو موارا باتانغ غاديس موارا سيبونجي ناتال بانيابونغان بارات بانيابونغان كوتا بانيابونغان سيلاتان بانيابونغان تيمور بانيابونغان أوتارا سيابو تامبانغان أولو بونكوت كاب نياس أفولو ألاسا باولاتو جيدو غونونغسيتولي هليدوهو إيدانو غاو لاهوا لولوفيتو موي لوتو ماندريه سيرومبو توهمبروا كاب نياس سيلاتان أماندرايا غومو هيبالا لاهوسا لولو واو لولوماتوا بولاو بولاو باتو تيلوك دالام كاب بادانغ لواس بارومون بارومون تينغاه باتانغ بولو سوتام هوريستاك هوتا رجاء تينغجي لوبوك بارومون سيبوهوان سوسا سوسوبان أولو بارومون كاب بادانغ لواس أوتارا باتانغ أونانغ دولوك دولوك سيغومبولون غونونغ توا هالونغونان بادانغ بولاك بادانغ بولاك جولو بوريبي سامانغمات كاب باكباك بهارات كيراجان سالاك سيتيلو تاي أورانغ جيه سيتيلو تاي أورانج جولو بيرجيتنغ-جيتنغ سنغكوت باجيندار سيمبات روب تينادا كاب ساموسير هريان نينغولان أونان رونغو باليبي بانغوروران رونغور نيهوتا سيانجور مولا مولا سيمانيندو سيتيوتيو كاب سيردانغ بيداجاي بندر خليبة دولوك ماسيهول دولوك ميراوان كوتاريه بانتاي سيرمين بيربونغان سي رامباه سيبيسبيس تانجونج بيرينجين تيبينغتينغي تيلوك منغكودو كاب سيمالونغان بندر بندر هولوان بندر ماسيلام بوزر ماليغاس دولوك باتونانغار دولوك بانريبوان دولوك بارديمان دولوك سيلاو جيرسانغ سيبانغان بولون غونونغ ماليلا غونونغ ماليغاس هارانغاول هوريسانز هاتاندوهان هوتابايو رجا جاوا ماراجا باه جامبي جورلانغ هاتاران باني بانومبيان بين بيماتانغ راية بيماتانغ بندر بيماتانغ سيدامانيك بوربا راية راية كاهين سيانتار سيدامانيك سيلاو كاهين سيليماكوتا تانا جاوا تابيان دولوك أوجونغ بادانغ كاب تابانولي سيلاتان أك بيلاه الحمار بارومون بارومون تينغاه باتانغ أنغكولا باتانغ لوبو سوتام باتانغ أونانغ باتانغ تورو دولوك دولوك سيغومبولون هالونغونان هوريستاك هوتا رجاء تينغجي لوبوك بارومون مارانكار بادانغ بولاك بادانغ بولاك جولو بادانج سيديبوان بارات بادانج سيديبوان تيمور بورتيبي سايبار دولوك هول سايور ماتينغجي سييس سيمانغمات سيبيروك سوسا سوسوبان أولو بارومون كاب تابانولي تينغاه أدمان ديوي باديري باروس كولانغ لوموت ماندوماس سيبابانغون سيبولجا سيراندورونغ سيتاويس سوركام سوركام بارات سوسور غادونغ تابيان نولي توكا كاب تابانولي أوتارا أديانكوتينغ غاروجا موارا باغاران باهاي جاي باهاي جولو بانغاريبوان بارمونانغان بورباتوا سياتاس باريتا سيبورونغ بورونغ سيمانغ أومبان سيباهوتار سيبوهولون تاروتنغ كاب توبا ساموسير أجيباتا باليج بور بور هابينزاران لاجو بوتي لومبان جولو ناسو بينتو بوهان ميرانتي بورسا سيانتار ناروموندا سيغومبار سيلان تامباهان أولوان كوتا بينجاي بينجاي كوتا بينجاي بارات بينجاي بينجاي سيلاتان بينجاي تيمور بينجاي أوتارا كوتا ميدان ميدان ميدان أمبلاس ميدان المنطقة ميدان بارات ميدان بارو ميدان بيلوان ميدان ديلي ميدان ديناي ميدان هلفيتيا ميدان جوهور ميدان كوتا ميدان لابوهان ميدان مايمون ميدان ماريلان ميدان بيرجوانغان ميدان بيتيسا ميدان بولونيا ميدان سيلايانغ ميدان سونغال ميدان تيمبونغ ميدان تيمور ميدان تونغتانغان كوتا بادانغ سيديمبوان بادانغ سيديمبوان باتو نادوا بادانج سيديمبوان هوتيمبارو بادانج سيديمبوان سيلاتان بادانج سيديمبوان تينغارا بادانغ سيديمبوان أوتارا كوتا بيماتانغانزيتار بيماتانغ سيانتار سيانتار بارات سيانتار ماريهات سيانتار مارتوبا سيانتار سيلاتان سيانتار تيمور سيانتار أوتارا كوتا سيبولغا سيبولغا كوتا سيبولغا سامباس سيبولغا سيلاتان سيبولغا أوتارا كوتا تانجونغ بالي داتوك بندر S. توالانغ راسو تانجونغ بالاي سيلاتان تانجونغ بالاي أوتارا تيلوك نيبونغ كوتا تيبينغ تينغجي بادانغ هيلير بادانغ هولو رامبوتان تيبينغ تينغجي كاب بينغكولو سيلاتان كيدورانغ كوتا مانا مانا بينو بينورايا سيجينيم كاب بينكولو أوتارا الهواء بيسي الهواء نابال أرجا ماكمور باتيك ناو إنغانو جيري موليا كارانغ تينغجي كيركاب كيتاهون لايس نابال بوتيه بادانغ جايا باجار جاتي بيماتانغ تيغا بوندوك كيلابا بوتري هيجاو طابا بينانجونج تالانج إمبات كاب كور كور كور سيلاتان كور تينغاه كور أوتارا كينال الأنف تانجونغ كيمونينغ ماج كاب كيباهيانج بيرماني إيلير كيباهيانغ تيبت كاراي أوجان ماس كاب ليبونغ ليبونغ ليبونغ أتاس ليبونغ سيلاتان ليبونغ تينغاه ليبونغ أوتارا ريمبو بينغادانغ كاب موكو-موكو موكو لوبوك بينانغ موكو-موكو سيلاتان موكو-موكو أوتارا بوندوك سوغوه تيراس ترونجام كاب ريجانغ ليبونغ برماني أولو كوروب كوتا بادانغ بادانغ أولاك تاندينغ سيلوبو ريجانغ سيندانغ كيلينجي كاب سيلوما إير بيريوكان إلير تالو لوبوك ساندي سيلوما سيلوما بارات سيلوما سيلاتان سيلوما تيمور سيلوما أوتارا سيميدانغ ألاس سيميدانغ ألاس ماراس سوكاراجا تيس تالو تالو كيسيل أولو تالو كوتا بينغكولو بنغكو لو غادينغ سيمباكا كامبونغ ميلايو موارا بانغكاهولو راتو أغونغ راتو سمبان سيليبار سونغاي سيروت تيلوك سيغارا كاب باتانغ هاري باجوبانغ باتين زكسيف مارو سيبو إلير مارو سيبو أولو مرسام موارا بوليان موارا تمبيسي بيمايونغ كاب بونغو باثين إي بابيكو جوجوهان ليمبور لوبوك منغكوانغ موارا بونغو موكو موكو باتين السابع بيليبات بيليبات إلير رانتاو باندان تاناه سيبينغال تاناه تومبوه كاب كيرينسي الهواء هنغات الهواء هنغات تيمور باتانغ ميرانجين داناو كيرينسي غونونغ كيرينسي غونونغ راية هامباران راوانغ كايو أرو كيلينغ داناو سيتينجاو لوت سونغاي بينوه كاب ميرانجين بانغكو جانغكات موارا سياو بامينانغ سونغاي ماناو تابير تابير أولو كاب موارو جامبي جامبي لوار كوتا كومبيه كومبه أولو مارو سيبو ميستونغ سيكرنان سنجيتي سونغاي بهر كاب سارولانغون باتانغ أساي موارا ليمون مانديانغين باوه بيلاوان سينغكوت سارولانغون كاب تانجونغ جابونغ تيمور ديندانغ مندهارا مواراساباك نيباه بانجانغ رانتاو راساو سادو كاب تانجونغ جابونغ بارات بيتارا كالاتونكال ميرلونغ بينغابوان تونكال إلير تونكال أولو كاب تيبو موارا تيبو ريمبو بوجانج ريم بو إلير ريمبو أولو سوماي تيبو إلير تيبو تنغاه تيبو أولو تنغاه إلير السابع كوتو كوتا جامبي جامبي داناو تيلوك جامبي سيلاتان جامبي تيمور جيلوتنغ كوتا بارو باسار جامبي بيلايانغان تلانايبورا كاب بينكاليس بانتان بنغكاليس بوكيت باتو دوري ماندو مانداو بينغجير روبات روبات أوتارا سياك كيسيل كاب إندراجيري هيلير باتانغ تواكا إينوك غونغ غونغ أناك سيركا كاتمان كيمونينغ كيريتانغ كوالا إندراجيري مانداه بيلانغيران بولاو بورونغ ريتيه تاناه ميرا تيلوك بالينكونغ تيمبيلاهان تيمبيلاهان هولو تيمبلينغ كاب إندراجيري هولو باتانغ سيناكو باتانغ غانزال كيلايانغ ليريك باسير بينيو بيراناب رينغات رينغات بارات سيبيريدا كاب كامبار بانغكينانغ بانغكينانغ بارات بانغكينانغ سيبيرانغ غونونغ ساهيلان كامبار كامبار كيري كامبار كيري هيلير كامبار كيري هولو كامبار تيمور كامبار أوتارا بيرهنتيان رجا رومبيو جايا سالو سياك هولو تامبانغ تابونغ تابونغ هيلير تابونغ هولو الثالث عشر كوتو كامبار كاب ميرانتي ميرانتي ميرباو رانغسانغ رانغسانغ بارات سيلات بانجانغ تيبينغ تينغجي تيبينغ تينغجي بارات كاب كوانتانسنجينجي تيلوك كوانتان بيناي سيرنتي Gunung Toar Hulu Kuantan Inuman Kuantan Hilir Kuantan Mudik Kuantan Tengah Logas Tanah Darat Pangean Singingi Singingi Hilir KAB PALALAWAN Bunut Kerumutan Kuala Kampar Langgam Pangkalan Kerinci Pangkalan Kuras Pangkalan Lesung Pelalawan Teluk Meranti Ukui KAB ROKAN HULU Bangun Purba Kabun Kepenuhan Kuntodarussalam Pasir Pangaraian Rambah Rambah Hilir Rambah Samo Rokan IV Koto Tandun Tembusai Tembusai Utara Ujung Batu KAB ROKAN HILIR Bagan Siapi-api Bagan Sinembah Bangko Bangko Pusako Batu Hampar Kubu Pasir Limau Kapas Pujud Rantau Kopar Rimba Melintang Simpang Kanan Sinaboi Tanah Putih Tanah Putih Tanjung Melawan KAB SIAK Bunga Raya Dayun Kandis Kerinci Kanan Koto Gasip Lubuk Dalam Minas Siak Indrapura Siak Sungai Apit Sungai Mandau Tualang KOTA DUMAI Dumai Bukit Kapur Dumai Barat Dumai Timur Medang Kampai Sungai Sembilan KOTA PEKANBARU Lima Puluh Marpoyan Damai Pekanbaru Sail Senapelan Sukajadi Rumbai Bukit Raya Tampan Payung Rumbai Pesisir Tenayan Raya KAB AGAM IV Angkat Canduang IV Koto Ampek Nagari Banuhampu Baso Candung Kamang Magek Lubuk Basung Matur Palembayan Palupuh Sungai Puar Tanjung Mutiara Tanjung Raya Tilatang Kamang KAB DHARMASRAYA Koto Baru Pulau Punjung Sitiung Sungai Rumbai KAB LIMA PULUH KOTA Akabiluru Bukit Barisan Guguk Gunung Mas Harau Kapur IX Lareh Sago Halaban Luhak Mungka Pangkalan Koto Baru Payakumbuh Sarilamak Situjuh Lima Nagari Suliki Gunung Mas KAB KEPULAUAN MENTAWAI Pagai Selatan Pagai Utara Siberut Selatan Siberut Utara Sipora Tuapejat KAB PADANGPARIAMAN X Kayu Tanam II. X.XI. VI Lingkung IV Koto Aur Malintang V Koto Kp Dalam V Koto Timur VI Lingkung VII Koto Sungai Sarik Batang Anai Batang Gasan Lubuk Alung Nan Sabaris Padang Sago Pariaman Patamuan Sintuk Toboh Gadang Sungai Geringging Sungai Limau Ulakan Tapakis KAB PASAMAN II Koto III Nagari Bonjol Lubuk Sikaping Mapat Tunggul Mapat Tunggul Selatan Panti Rao KAB PASAMAN BARAT Gunung Tuleh Kinali Lembah Melintang Luhak Nan Duo Pasaman Ranah Balingka Ranah Batahan Ranah Pesisir Simpa ng Empat Sungai Aur Sungai Beremas Talamau KAB PESISIR SELATAN IV Jurai Basa IV Balai Tapan Batang Kapas Bayang Bayang Utara Koto XI Tarusan Lengayang Linggo Sari Baganti Lunang Silaut Painan Pancung Soal Ranah Pesisir Sutera KAB SIJUNJUNG IV Nagari Kamang Baru Koto Tujuh Kupitan Lubuk Tarok Sijunjung Muaro Sijunjung Sumpur Kudus Tanjung Gadang KAB SOLOK IX Koto Sungai Lasi X Koto Diatas X Koto Singkarak Arosuka Bukit Sundi Danau Kembar Gunung Talang Hiliran Gumanti Junjung Sirih Kubung Lembah Gumanti Lembang Jaya Pantai Cermin Payung Sekaki Tigo Lurah KAB SOLOK SELATAN Koto Parik Gadang Diateh Padang Aro Sangir Sangir Batanghari Sangir Jujuan Sungai Pagu KAB TANAH DATAR Batipuh Batipuh Selatan Batu Sangkar Lima Kaum Lintau Buo Lintau Buo Utara Padang Ganting Pariangan Rambatan Salimpaung Sepuluh Koto Sungai Tarab Sungayang Tanjung Baru Tanjung Emas KOTA BUKIT TINGGI Aur Birugo Tigo Baleh Bukit Tinggi Guguk Panjang Mandiangin Koto Selayan KOTA PADANG Padang Bungus Teluk Kabung Koto Tan gah Kuranji Lubuk Begalung Lubuk Kilangan Nanggalo Padang Barat Padang Selatan Padang Timur Padang Utara Pauh KOTA PADANG PANJANG Padang Panjang Padang Panjang Barat Padang Panjang Timur KOTA PARIAMAN Pariaman Selatan Pariaman Tengah Pariaman Utara KOTA PAYAKUMBUH Payakumbuh Barat Payakumbuh Timur Payakumbuh Utara KOTA SAWAH LUNTO Barangin Lembah Segar Sawahlunto Silungkang Talawi KOTA SOLOK Solok Lubuk Sikarah Tanjung Harapan KAB BANYUASIN Banyuasin I Banyuasin II Banyuasin III Betung Makarti Jaya Muara Padang Muara Telang Pangkalan Balai Pulau Rimau Rambutan Rantau Bayur Talang Kelapa KAB EMPATLAWANG Lintang Kanan Muara Pinang Pasemah Air Keruh Pendopo Talang Padang Tebing Tinggi Ulu Musi KAB LAHAT Jarai Kikim Barat Kikim Selatan Kikim Tengah Kikim Timur Kota Agung Lahat Merapi Mulak Ulu Pajar Bulan Pulau Pinang Tanjung Sakti KAB MUARA ENIM Benakat Gelumbang Gunung Megang Lawang Kidul Lembak Lubai Muara Enim Penukal Abab Penukal Utara Rembang Rembang Dangku Semende Darat Laut Semende Darat Tengah Semende Darat Ulu Sungai Rotan Talang Ubi Tanah Abang Tanjung Agung Ujan Mas Abab (Penukal Abab) Muara Belikan Kelekar KAB MUSI BANYU ASIN Babat Toman Batang Harileko Bayung Lencir Keluang Lais ramba (desa) Sanga Desa Sekayu Sungai Keruh Sungai Lilin KAB MUSIRAWAS BKL Ulu Terawas BTS Ulu Jayaloka Karang Dapo Karang Jaya Megang Sakti Muara Beliti Muara Beliti Baru Muara Kelingi Muara Lakitan Muara Rupit Nibung Purwodadi Rawas Ilir Rawas Ulu Selangit Tugumulyo Ulu Rawas KAB OGAN ILIR Indralaya Muara Kuang Pemulutan Rantau Alai Tanjung Batu Tanjung Raja KAB OGAN KOMERING ILIR Air Sugihan Cengal Jejawi Kota Kayu Agung Lempuing Mesuji Pampangan Pedamaran Pematang Panggang Sirah Pulau Padang Tanjung Lubuk Tulung Selapan KAB OGAN KOMERING ULU Baturaja Baturaja Barat Baturaja Timur Lengkiti Lubuk Batang Pengandonan Peninjauan Semidang Aji Sosoh Buay Rayap Ulu Ogan KAB OGAN KOMERING ULU TIMUR Belitang Belitang II Belitang III Buay Madang Buay Pemuka Peliung Cempaka Madang Suku I M adang Suku II Martapura Semendawa Suku III KAB OGAN KOMERING ULU SELATAN Banding Agung Buay Pemaca Buay Runjung Buay Sandang Aji Kisam Tinggi Mekakau Ilir Muaradua Muaradua Kisam Pulau Beringin Simpang KOTA LUBUKLINGGAU Lubuk Linggau Lubuklinggau Barat I Lubuklinggau Barat II Lubuklinggau Selatan I Lubuklinggau Selatan II Lubuklinggau Timur I Lubuklinggau Timur II Lubuklinggau Utara I Lubuklinggau Utara II KOTA PAGAR ALAM Pagar Alam Pagar Alam Utara Pagar Alam Selatan Dempo Selatan Dempo Tengah Dempo Utara KOTA PALEMBANG Palembang Alang-Alang Lebar Bukit Kecil Gandus Ilir Barat I Ilir Barat II Ilir Timur I Ilir Timur II Kalidoni Kemuning Kertapati Plaju Sako Seberang Ulu I Seberang Ulu II Sematang Borang Sukarame KOTA PRABUMULIH Prabumulih Cambai Prabumulih Barat Prabumulih Timur Rambang Kapak Tengah KAB LAMPUNG BARAT Balik Bukit Batu Brak Belalau Bengkunat Karya Penggawa Lemong Liwa Pesisir Selatan Pesisir Tengah Krui Pesisir Utara Sekincau Sukau Sumber Jaya Suoh Way Tenong KAB LAMPU NG SELATAN Bakauheni Candipuro Jati Agung Kalianda Katibung Ketapang Merbau Mataram Natar Palas Penengahan Rajabasa Sidomulyo Sragi Tanjung Bintang KAB LAMPUNG TENGAH Anak Tuha Bandar Mataram Bandar Surabaya Bandar Jaya Bangunrejo Bekri Bumi Nabung Bumi Ratu Nuban Gunung Sugih Kalirejo Kota Gajah Padang Ratu Pubian Punggur Rumbia Selagai Lingga Sendang Agung Seputih Agung Seputih Banyak Seputih Mataram Seputih Raman Seputih Surabaya Terbanggi Besar Bandar Jaya Terusan Nunyai Trimurjo Way Pengubuan Way Seputih KAB LAMPUNG TIMUR Bandar Sribawono Batanghari Batanghari Nuban Braja Slebah Bumi Agung Gunung Pelindung JabungGunung balak Labuhan Maringgai Labuhan Ratu Margatiga Mataram Baru Melinting Metro Kibang Pasir Sakti Pekalongan Purbolinggo Raman Utara Sekampung Sekampung Udik Sukadana Waway Karya Way Bungur Way Jepara KAB LAMPUNG UTARA Abung Barat Abung Selatan Abung Semuli Abung Surakarta Abung Tengah Abung Timur Abung Tinggi Bukit Kemuning Bunga Mayang Kotabumi Kotabumi Selatan Kota bumi Utara Muara Sungkai Sungkai Selatan Sungkai Utara Tanjung Raja KAB WAY KANAN Bahuga BanjitBanjid Baradatu Brambangan Gunung Labuhan Kasui Negeri Batin Negeri Agung Negeri Besar Pakuan Ratu Rebang Tangkas Way Tuba KAB TANGGAMUS Adi Luwih Cukup Balak Gading Rejo Kelumbayan Kota Agung Pagelaran Pardasuka Pematang Sawa Pringsewu Pugung Pulau Panggung Semaka Sukoharjo Sumberejo Talang Padang Ulubelu Wonosobo KAB TULANG BAWANG Banjar Agung Gedung Aji Gedung Meneng Gunung Terang Lambu Kibang Menggala Mesuji Penawar Tama Rawajitu Selatan Rawajitu Utara Simpang Pematang Tanjung Raya Tulang Bawang Tengah Tulang Bawang Udik Tumi Jajar Way Serdang KAB PESAWARAN Gedong Tataan Kedondong Negeri Katon Padang Cermin Pundung Pidada Tegineneng Way Lima KOTA BANDARLAMPUNG Bandar Lampung Kedaton Kemiling Panjang Rajabasa Sukabumi Sukarame Tanjung Karang Barat Tanjung Karang Pusat Tanjung Karang Timur Tanjung Senang Teluk Betung Barat Teluk Betung Selatan Teluk Betung Utara KOTA METRO Metro Metro Barat Metro Pusat Metro Selatan Metro Timur Metro Utara KAB BANGKA Mendo Barat Merawang Puding Besar Sungailiat Pemali Bakam Belinyu Riau Silip KAB BANGKA BARAT Kelapa Tempilang Mentok Simpang Teritip Jebus KAB BANGKA TENGAH Koba Pangkalan Baru Sungai Selan Simpang Katis KAB BANGKAS ELATAN Payung Simpang Rima Toboali Air Gegas Lepar Pongok KAB BELITUNG Membalong Tanjung Pandan Badau Sijuk Selat Nasik KAB BELITUNG TIMUR Dendang Gantung Manggar Kelapa Kampit KOTA PANGKAL PINANG Rangkui Bukit Intan Pangkal Balam Pangkal Pinang Gerunggang KAB KARIMUN Tanjung Balai Karimun Buru Karimun Kundur Kundur Barat Kundur Utara Meral Moro Tebing Tanjung Batu KAB BINTAN Bandar Seri Bintan Bintan Timur Tanjung UbanBintan Utara Gunung Kijang Tambelan Teluk Bintan Teluk Sebong Lagoi KAB LINGGA Daik Lingga Lingga Utara Senayang Singkep Singkep Barat KAB NATUNA Bunguran Barat Bunguran Timur Bunguran Timur Laut Bunguran Tengah Bunguran Utara Jemaja Jemaja Timur Midai Pal Matak Ranai Serasan Siantan Siantan Selat an Siantan Timur Subi Pulau Laut Pulau Tiga KOTA BATAM Batam Batu Ampar Belakang Padang Bulang Galang Galang Lubuk Baja Nongsa Kabil Lagoi Sei Beduk Sekupang Tanjung Ucang KOTA TANJUNG PINANG Tanjung Pinang Bukit Bestari Tanjung Pinang Barat Tanjung Pinang Kota Tanjung Pinang Timur Senggarang Dompak Kota Piring KAB LEBAK Banjarsari Bayah Bojongmanik Cibadak Cibeber Cijaku Cikulur Cileles Cimarga Cipanas Curugbitung Gunungkencana Leuwidamar Maja Malingping Muncang Panggarangan Rangkasbitung Sajira Sobang Wanasalam Warunggunung KAB PANDEGLANG Angsana Banjar Bojong Cadas Sari Carita Cibaliung Cibitung Cigeulis Cikedal Cikeusik Cimanggu Cimanuk Cipeucang Cisata Jiput Kaduhejo Karangtanjung Labuan Mandalawangi Menes Munjul Pagelaran Pandeglang Panimbang Patia Picung Saketi Sukaresmi Sumur KAB SERANG Anyar Baros Binuang Bojonegara Carenang Cikande Cikeusal Cinangka Ciomas Ciruas Jawilan Kibin Kopo Kragilan Kramatwatu Mancak Pabuaran Padarincang Pamarayan Petir Pontang Puloampel Tanara Tirtay asa Tunjung Teja Waringinkurung KAB TANGERANG Balaraja Cikupa Ciputat Cisauk Cisoka Curug Jambe Jayanti Kemiri Kosambi Salembaran jati Kresek Kronjo Legok Mauk Pagedangan Pakuhaji Pamulang Panongan Pasarkemis Pondok Aren Jurang Mangu Rajeg Sepatan JatimulyaCengklong Serpong Sukadiri Teluknaga Tigaraksa KOTA CILEGON Cibeber Cilegon Citangkil Ciwandan Gerogol Jombang Merak Purwakarta KOTA TANGERANG Batuceper Benda Cibodas Ciledug Cipondoh Jatiuwung Karangtengah Karawaci Larangan Neglasari Periuk Pinang Tangerang KOTA SERANG Cipocok Jaya Curug Kasemen Serang Taktakan Walantaka KAB BANDUNG Arjasari Baleendah Banjaran Bojong Soang Cangkuang Cicalengka Cikancung Cilengkrang Cileunyi Cimaung Cimenyan Ciparay Ciwidey Dayeuhkolot Ibun Kertasari Katapang Majalaya Margaasih Margahayu Nagreg Pacet Pameungpeuk Pangalengan Paseh Pasirjambu Rancabali Rancaekek Solokan Jeruk Soreang KAB BANDUNG BARAT Ngamprah Batujajar Cihampelas Cikalong Wetan Cililin Cipatat Cipeundeuy Cipongkor Cisarua Gununghalu L embang Cimareme Padalarang Parongpong Rongga Sindangkerta KAB BEKASI Babelan Bojongmanggu Cabangbungin Cibarusah Cibitung Cikarang Cikarang Barat Cikarang Pusat Cikarang Selatan Cikarang Timur Cikarang Utara Kedungwaringin Karangbahagia Muara Gembong Pebayuran Serang Baru Setu Sukakarya Sukatani Sukawangi Tambun Selatan Tambun Utara Tarumajaya Tambelang KAB BOGOR Babakan Madang Bojonggede Caringin Cariu Ciampea Ciawi Cibinong Cibungbulang Cigombong Cigudeg Cijeruk Cileungsi Ciomas Cisarua Ciseeng Citeureup Dramaga Gunung Putri Gunung Sindur Jasinga Jonggol Kemang Klapanunggal Leuwiliang Leuwisadeng Megamendung Nanggung Pamijahan Parung Panjang Parung Ranca Bungur Rumpin Sukajaya Sukamakmur Sukaraja Tajurhalang Tamansari Tanjungsari Tenjo Tenjolaya KAB. CIAMIS Banjarsari Baregbeg Ciamis Cidolog Cigugur Cihaurbeuti Cijeungjing Cijulang Cikoneng Cimaragas Cimerak Cipaku Cisaga Jatinagara Kalipucang Kawali Lakbok Langkaplancar Lumbung Mangunjaya Padaherang Pamarican Pangandaran Panjalu Panu mbangan Panawangan Parigi Purwadadi Rajadesa Rancah Sadananya Sidamulih Sindangkasih Sukadana Tambaksari KAB CIANJUR Agrabinta Bojongpicung Campaka Campaka Mulya Cianjur Cibeber Cibinong Cidaun Cijati Cikadu Cikalongkulon Cilaku Cipanas Ciranjang Cugenang Gekbrong Kadupandak Karangtengah Leles Mande Naringgul Pacet Pagelaran Sindangbarang Sukaluyu Sukanagara Sukaresmi Takokak Tanggeung Warungkondang KAB CIREBON Arjawinangun Astanajapura Babakan Beber Ciledug Cirebon Selatan Cirebon Utara Ciwaringin Depok Dukupuntang Gebang Gegesik Gempol Kaliwedi Kapetakan Karangsembung Karangwareng Kedawung Klangenan Lemahabang Losari Mundu Pabedilan Pabuaran Palimanan Pangenan Panguragan Pasaleman Plered Plumbon Sedong Sumber Susukan Susukanlebak Tengah Tani Waled Weru KAB GARUT Banjarwangi Banyuresmi Bayongbong Balubur Limbangan Bungbulang Caringin Cibalong Cibatu Cibiuk Cigedug Cihurip Cikajang Cikelet Cilawu Cisewu Cisompet Cisurupan Garut, Kab. Garut Garut Kota Kadungora Karangpawitan Karangtengah Kersamanah Leles Leuwigoong Malangbong Mekarmukti Pakenjeng Pameungpeuk Pamulihan Pangatikan Pasirwangi Peundeuy Samarang Selaawi Singajaya Sucinaraja Sukaresmi Sukawening Talegong Tarogong Kaler Tarogong Kidul Wanaraja KAB INDRAMAYU Anjatan Arahan Balongan Bangodua Bongas Cantigi Cikedung Gabus Wetan Gantar Haurgeulis Indramayu Jatibarang Juntiyuat Kandanghaur Karangampel Kedokan Bunder Kertasemaya Krangkeng Kroya Lelea Lohbener Losarang Sindang Sliyeg Sukagumiwang Sukra Trisi Widasari KAB KARAWANG Batujaya Banyusari Ciampel Cibuaya Cikampek Cilamaya Kulon Cilamaya Wetan Cilebar Jatisari Jayakerta Karawang Karawang Barat Karawang Timur Klari Kotabaru Kutawaluya Lemahabang Majalaya Pakisjaya Pangkalan Pedes Purwasari Rawamerta Rengasdengklok Talagasari Tegalwaru Telukjambe Barat Telukjambe Timur Tempuran Tirtajaya Tirtamulya KAB KUNINGAN Ciawi Gebang Cibeureum Cibingbin Cidahu Cigandamekar Cigugur Cilebak Cilimus Cimahi Ciniru Cipic ung Ciwaru Darma Garawangi Hantara Jalaksana Japara Kadugede Kalimanggis Karangkancana Kramatmulya Kuningan Lebakwangi Luragung Maleber Mandirancan Nusaherang Pancalang Pasawahan Selajambe Sindangagung Subang KAB MAJALENGKA Argapura Banjaran Bantarujeg Cigasong Cikijing Cingambul Dawuan Jatitujuh Jatiwangi Kadipaten Kertajati Lemahsugih Leuwimunding Ligung Maja Majalengka Palasah Panyingkiran Rajagaluh Sindangwangi Sukahaji Sumber Jaya Talaga KAB PURWAKARTA Babakancikao Bojong Bungursari Campaka Cibatu Darangdan Jatiluhur Kiarapedes Maniis Pasawahan Plered Pondoksalam Purwakarta Sukasari Sukatani Tegalwaru Wanayasa KAB SUBANG Binong Blanakan Ciasem Cibogo Cijambe Cikaum Cipeundeuy Cipunagara Cisalak Compreng Jalan Cagak Kalijati Legon Kulon Pabuaran Pagaden Pamanukan Patok Beusi Purwadadi Pusakanagara Sagalaherang Subang Tanjung Siang KAB SUKABUMI Bantargadung Bojong Genteng Caringin Cibadak Cibitung Cicantayan Cicurug Cidadap Cidahu Cidolog Ciemas Cikakak Cikembar Cikidang Ciracap Cir eunghas Cisaat Cisolok Curugkembar Gegerbitung Gunung Guruh Jampang Kulon Jampang Tengah Kabandungan Kadudampit Kalapa Nunggal Kalibunder Kebonpedes Lengkong Nagrak Nyalindung Pabuaran Parakan Salak Parung Kuda Pelabuhan Ratu Purabaya Sagaranten Simpenan Sukabumi Sukalarang Sukaraja Surade Tegal Buleud Waluran Warung Kiara KAB SUMEDANG Buahdua Cibugel Cimalaka Cimanggu Cisarua Cisitu Conggeang Darmaraja Ganeas Jatigede Jatinangor Jatinunggal Pamulihan Paseh Rancakalong Situraja Sukasari Sumedang Sumedang Selatan Sumedang Utara Surian Tanjungkerta Tanjungmedar Tanjungsari Tomo Ujung Jaya Wado KAB TASIKMALAYA Bantarkalong Bojongasih Bojonggambir Ciawi Cibalong Cigalontang Cikalong Cikatomas Cineam Cipatujah Cisayong Culamega Gunung Tanjung Jamanis Jatiwaras Kadipaten Karangjaya Karangnunggal Leuwisari Mangunreja Manonjaya Padakembang Pagerageung Pancatengah Parungponteng Puspahiang Rajapolah Salawu Salopa Sariwangi Singaparna Sodonghilir Sukahening Sukaraja Sukarame Sukaratu Sukaresik Ta njungjaya Taraju KOTA BANDUNG Andir Arcamanik Astanaanyar Babakanciparay Bandung Bandung Kidul Bandung Kulon Bandung Wetan Batununggal Bojongloa Kaler Bojongloa Kidul Cibeunying Kaler Cibeunying Kidul Cibiru Cicadas Cicendo Cidadap Coblong Kiaracondong Lengkong Margacinta Rancasari Regol Sukajadi Sukasari Sumurbandung Ujungberung KOTA BANJAR Banjar Langensari Pataruman Purwaharja KOTA BEKASI Bekasi Bantar Gebang Bekasi Barat Bekasi Selatan Bekasi Timur Bekasi Utara Jatiasih Jatisampurna Medan Satria Mustika Jaya Pondokgede Pondok Melati Rawalumbu KOTA BOGOR Bogor Bogor Barat Bogor Selatan Bogor Tengah Bogor Timur Bogor Utara Tanah Sereal KOTA CIMAHI Cimahi Cimahi Selatan Cimahi Tengah Cimahi Utara KOTA CIREBON Cirebon Harjamukti Kejaksan Kesambi Lemahwungkuk Pekalipan Cirebon Barat KOTA DEPOK Depok Beji Cimanggis Limo Pancoran Mas Sawangan Sukmajaya Cibubur KOTA SUKABUMI Baros Cibeureum Cikole Citamiang Gunungpuyuh Lembursitu Warudoyong KOTA TASIKMALAYA Cibeureum Cihideung Cipedes Indi hiang Kawalu Mangkubumi Tamansari Tasikmalaya Tawang JAKARTA BARAT Jakarta Barat Cengkareng Grogol Kalideres Kebon Jeruk Kembangan Palmerah Taman Sari Tambora JAKARTA SELATAN Jakarta Selatan Cilandak Jagakarsa Kebayoran Baru Kebayoran Lama Mampang Prapatan Pancoran Pasar Minggu Pesanggrahan Setiabudi Tebet JAKARTA PUSAT Jakarta Pusat Cempaka Putih Gambir Johar Baru Kemayoran Menteng Sawah Besar Senen Tanah Abang JAKARTA UTARA Jakarta Utara Cilincing Kelapa Gading Koja Pademangan Penjaringan Tanjung Priok JAKARTA TIMUR Jakarta Timur Cakung Cipayung Ciracas Duren Sawit Jatinegara Kramat Jati Makassar Matraman Pasar Rebo Pulo Gadung KEPULAUAN SERIBU Pulau Pramuka Kepulauan Seribu Selatan Kepulauan Seribu Utara KAB BANJARNEGARA Banjarmangu Banjarnegara Batur Bawang Kalibening Karangkobar Madukara Mandiraja Pagentan Pejawaran Punggelan Purwanegara Purworejo Klampok Rakit Sigaluh Susukan Wanadadi Wanayasa KAB BANYUMAS Ajibarang Banyumas Baturaden Cilongok Gumelar Jatilawang Kalibagor Karangl ewas Kebasen Kedungbanteng Kembaran Kemranjen Lumbir Patikraja Pakuncen Purwojati Purwokerto Purwokerto Barat Purwokerto Selatan Purwokerto Timur Purwokerto Utara Rawalo Sokaraja Somagede Sumbang Sumpyuh Sumpiuh Tambak Wangon KAB BATANG Bandar Banyuputih Batang Bawang Blado Gringsing Kandeman Limpung Pecalungan Reban Subah Tersono Tulis Warungasem Wonotunggal KAB BLORA Banjarejo Blora Bogorejo Cepu Japah Jati Jepon Jiken Kedungtuban Kradenan menden Kunduran Ngawen Randublatung Sambong Todanan Tunjungan KAB BOYOLALI Ampel Andong Banyudono Boyolali Penggung Cepogo Juwangi Karanggede Kemusu Klego Mojosongo Musuk Ngemplak Nogosari Sambi Sawit Selo Simo Teras Wonosegoro KAB BREBES Banjarharjo Bantarkawung Brebes Bulakamba Bumiayu Jatibarang Kersana Ketanggungan Larangan Losari Paguyangan Salem Sirampog Songgom Tanjung Tonjong Wanasari KAB CILACAP Adipala Bantarsari Binangun Cilacap Cilacap Selatan Cilacap Tengah Cilacap Utara Cimanggu Cipari Dayeuhluhur Gandrungmangu Jeruklegi Kampung Laut Karangpucung Kawunganten Kesugihan Kroya Majenang Maos Nusawungu Patimuan Sampang Sidareja Wanar Kedungrejo KAB DEMAK Bonang Demak Dempet Gajah Guntur Karanganyar Karangawen Karangtengah Kebonagung Mijen Mranggen Sayung Wedung Wonosalam KAB GROBOGAN Brati Gabus Geyer Godong Grobogan Gubug Karangrayung Kedungjati Klambu Kradenan Ngaringan Penawangan Pulokulon Purwodadi Tanggungharjo Tawangharjo Tegowanu Toroh Wirosari KAB JEPARA Bangsri Batealit Jepara Kalinyamatan Karimunjawa Kedung Keling Kembang Mayong Mlonggo Nalumsari Pecangaan Tahunan Welahan KAB KARANGANYAR Colomadu Gondangrejo Jaten Jatipuro Jatiyoso Jenawi Jumantono Jumapolo Karanganyar Karangpandan Kebakkramat Kerjo Matesih Mojogedang Ngargoyoso Tasikmadu Tawangmangu KAB KEBUMEN Adimulyo Aliyan Ambal Ayah Bonorowo Buayan Bulupesantren Gombong Karanganyar Karanggayam Karangsambung Kebumen Klirong Kutowinangun Kuwarasan Mirit Padureso Pejagoan Petanahan Poncowarno Prembun Puring Rowokele Sadang Sempor Sruweng KAB KENDAL Boja Br angsong Cepiring Gemuh Kaliwungu Kangkung Kendal Limbangan Ngampel Pagerruyung Patean Patebon Pegandon Plantungan Ringinarum Rowosari Weleri Utara Singorojo Sukorejo Weleri KAB KLATEN Bayat Cawas Ceper Delanggu Gantiwarno Jatinom Jogonalan Juwiring Kalikotes Karanganom Karangdowo Karangnongko Kebonarum Kemalang Klaten Klaten Selatan Klaten Tengah Klaten Utara Manisrenggo Ngawen Pedan Polanharjo Prambanan Trucuk Tulung Wedi Wonosari KAB KUDUS Bae Dawe Gebog Jati Jekulo Kaliwungu Kudus Mejobo Undaan KAB MAGELANG Bandongan Borobudur Candimulyo Dukun Grabag Kajoran Kaliangkriki Martoyudan Mungkid Muntilan Ngablak Ngluwar Pakis Salam Salaman Sawangan Secang Srumbung Tegalrejo Tempuran Windusar KAB PATI Batangan Cluwak Dukuhseti Gabus Gembong Gunungwungkal Jaken Jakenan Juwana Kayen Margorejo Margoyoso Pati Pucakwangi Sukolilo Tambakromo Tayu Telogowungu Trangkil Wedarijaksa Winong KAB PEKALONGAN Bojong Buaran Doro Kajen Kandangserang Karanganyar Karangdadap Kedungwuni Kesesi Lebakbarang Pan inggaran Petungkriono Siwalan Sragi Talun Tirto Wiradesa Wonokerto Wonopringgo KAB PEMALANG Ampelgading Bantarbolang Belik Bodeh Comal Moga Pemalang Petarukan Pulosari Randudongkal Taman Ulujami Warungpring Watukumpul KAB PURBALINGGA Bobotsari Bojongsari Bukateja Kaligondang Kalimanah Karanganyar Karangjambu Karangmoncol Karangreja Kejobong Kemangkon Kertanegara Kutasari Mrebet Padamara Pengadegan Purbalingga Rembang KAB PURWOREJO Bagelen Banyuurip Bayan Bener Bruno Butuh Gebang Grabag Kaligesing Kemiri Kutoarjo Loano Ngombol Pituruh Purwodadi Purworejo KAB REMBANG Bulu Gunem Kaliori Kragan Lasem Pamotan Pancur Rembang Sale Sarang Sedan Sluke Sulang Sumber KAB SEMARANG Ambarawa Banyubiru Bancak Bawen Doplang Bergas Bringin Getasan Jambu Kaliwungu Pabelan Pringapus Susukan Suruh Sumowono Tengaran Tuntang Ungaran Ungaran Barat Ungaran Timur KAB SRAGEN Gemolong Gesi Gondang Jenar Kalijambe Karangmalang Kedawung Masaran Miri Mondokan Ngrampal Plupuh Sambirejo Sambungmacan Sidoharjo Sragen Sukodono Sumberlawang Tangen Tanon KAB SUKOHARJO Baki Bendosari Bulu Gatak Grogol Kartasura Mojolaban Palur Nguter Polokarto Sukoharjo Tawangsari Weru KAB TEGAL Adiwerna Balapulang Bojong Bumijawa Dukuhturi Dukuhwaru Jatinegara Kedungbanteng Kramat Lebaksiu Margasari Pagerbarang Pangkah Slawi Suradadi Talang Tarub Warureja KAB TEMANGGUNG Bansari Bejen Bulu Candiroto Gemawang Jumo Kaloran Kandangan Kedu Kledung Kranggan Ngadirejo Parakan Pringsurat Selopampang Temanggung Tembarak Tlogomulyo Tretep Wonoboyo KAB WONOGIRI Baturetno Batuwarno Bulukerto Eromoko Girimarto Giritontro Giriwoyo Jatipurno Jatiroto Jatisrono Karangtengah Kismantoro Manyaran Ngadirojo Nguntoronadi Paranggupito Pracimantoro Puhpelem Purwantoro Selogiri Sidoharjo Slogohimo Tirtomoyo Wonogiri Wuryantoro KAB WONOSOBO Garung Kalibawang Kalikajar Kaliwiro Kejajar Kepil Kertek Leksono Mojotengah Sapuran Selomerto Sukoharjo Wadaslintang Watumalang Wonosobo KOTA MAGELANG Magelang Magelang Selatan Magelang Tengah Magelang Utara KOTA SURAKARTA Solo Banjarsari Jebres Laweyan Pasar Kliwon Serengan KOTA SALATIGA Salatiga Argomulyo Sidomukti Sidorejo Tingkir KOTA SEMARANG Semarang Banyumanik Candisari Gajahmungkur Gayamsari Genuk Gunungpati Mijen Ngaliyan Pedurungan Semarang Barat Semarang Selatan Semarang Tengah Semarang Timur Semarang Utara Tembalang Tugu KOTA PEKALONGAN Pekalongan Pekalongan Barat Pekalongan Selatan Pekalongan Timur Pekalongan Utara KOTA TEGAL Tegal Margadana Tegal Barat Tegal Selatan Tegal Timur KAB BANGKALAN Arosbaya Bangkalan Balega Burneh Galis Geger Kamal Klampis Kokop Konang Kwanyar Labang Modung Sepulu Socah Tanah Merah Tanjungbumi Tragah KAB BANYUWANGI Bangorejo Banyuwangi Cluring Gambiran Genteng Giri Glagah Glenmore Kabat Kalibaru Kalipuro Licin Muncar Pesanggaran Purwoharjo Rogojampi Sempu Siliragung Singojuruh Songgon Srono Tegaldlimo Tegalsari Wongsorejo KAB BLITAR Bakung Binangun Blitar Doko Gandusari Garum Kademangan Kanigoro Kesamben Nglegok Panggungrejo Ponggok Sanankulon Selopuro Selorejo Srengat Sutojayan Talun Udanawu Wates Wlingi Wonodadi Wonotirto KAB BOJONEGORO Balen Baureno Bojonegoro Bubulan Dander Gondang Kalitidu Kanor Kapas Kasiman Kedewan Kedungadem Kepohbaru Malo Margomulyo Ngambon Ngasem Ngraho Padangan Purwosari Sekar Sugihwaras Sukosewu Sumberejo Tambakrejo Temayang Trucuk KAB BONDOWOSO Binakal Bondowoso Cermee Curahdami Grujugan Klabang Maesan Pakem Prajekan Pujer Sempol Sukosari Sumberwringin Tamanan Tapen Tegalampel Tenggarang Tlogosari Wonosari Wringin KAB. GRESIK Balongpanggang Benjeng Bungah Cerme Driyorejo Duduk Sampeyan Dukun Gresik Kebomas Kedamean Manyar Menganti Panceng Sangkapura Sidayu Tambak Ujung Pangkah Wringinanom KAB JEMBER Ajung Ambulu Arjasa Balung Bangsalsari Gumukmas Jelbuk Jember Jenggawah Jombang Kalisat Kaliwates Kencong Ledokombo Mayang Mumbulsari Pakusari Panti Patrang Puger Rambipuji Semboro Silo Sukorambi Sukowono Sumberbaru Sumberjambe Sumbersari Tanggul Tempurejo Umbulsari Wuluhan KAB JOMBANG Bandar Kedungm ulyo Bareng Diwek Gudo Jogoroto Jombang Kabuh Kesamben Kudu Megaluh Mojoagung Mojowarno Ngoro Ngusikan Perak Peterongan Plandaan Ploso Sumobito Tembelang Wonosalam KAB KEDIRI Banyakan Gampengrejo Grogol Gurah Kandangan Kandat Kayen Kidul Kediri Kepung Kras Kunjang Mojo Ngadiluwih Ngancar Pagu Papar Pare Plemahan Plosoklaten Puncu Purwoasri Ringinrejo Semen Tarokan Wates KAB LAMONGAN Babat Bluluk Brondong Deket Glagah Kalitengah Karangbinangun Karanggeneng Kedungpring Kembangbahu Lamongan Laren Maduran Mantup Modo Ngimbang Paciran Pucuk Sambeng Sarirejo Sekaran Solokuro Sugio Sukodadi Sukorame Tikung Turi KAB LUMAJANG Candipuro Gucialit Jatiroto Kedungjajang Klakah Kunir Lumajang Padang Pasirian Pasrujambe Pronojiwo Randuagung Ranuyoso Rowokangkung Senduro Sukodono Sumbersoko Tekung Tempeh Tempursari Yosowilangun KAB MADIUN Balerejo Caruban Dagangan Dolopo Geger Gemarang Jiwan Kare Kebonsari Madiun Mejayan Pilangkenceng Saradan Sawahan Wonoasri Wungu KAB MAGETAN Barat Bendo Karangrejo K aras Kartoharjo Kawedanan Lembeyan Magetan Maospati Ngariboyo Nguntoronadi Panekan Parang Plaosan Poncol Sukomoro Takeran KAB MALANG Ampelgading Bantur Bululawang Dampit Dau Donomulyo Gedangan Gondanglegi Jabung Kalipare Karangploso Kasembon Kepanjen Kromengan Lawang Ngajum Ngantang Pagak Pagelaran Pakis Pakisaji Poncokusumo Pujon Sumbermanjing Wetan Singosari Sumberpucung Tajinan Tirtoyudo Tumpang Turen Wagir Wajak Wonosari KAB MOJOKERTO Bangsal Dawarblandong Dlanggu Gedeg Gondang Jatirejo Jetis Kemlagi Kutorejo Mojoanyar Mojokerto Mojosari Ngoro Pacet Pungging Puri Sooko Trawas Trowulan KAB NGANJUK Bagor Baron Berbek Gondang Jatikalen Kertosono Lengkong Loceret Nganjuk Ngetos Ngluyu Ngronggot Pace Patianrowo Prambon Rejoso Sawahan Sukomoro Tanjunganom Wilangan KAB NGAWI Bringin Geneng Jogorogo Karanganyar Karangjati Kedunggalar Kendal Kendungan Kwadungan Mantingan Ngawi Ngrambe Padas Pangkur Paron Pitu Sine Widodaren KAB PACITAN Arjosari Bandar Donorojo Kebonagung Nawangan Ngadirojo Pacitan Pringkuku Punung Sudimoro Tegalombo Tulakan KAB PAMEKASAN Batu Marmar Galis Kadur Larangan Pademawu Pakong Palengaan Pamekasan Pasean Pegantenan Proppo Tlanakan Waru KAB PASURUAN Bangil Beji Gempol Gondang Wetan Grati Kedawung Kejayan Kraton Lekok Lumbang Nguling Nongko Jajar Pandaan Pasrepan Pohjentrek Prigen Purwodadi Purwosari Puspo Rejoso Rembang Sukorejo Tosari Tutur Winongan Wonorejo KAB PONOROGO Babadan Badegan Balong Bungkal Jambon Jenangan Jetis Kauman Mlarak Ngebel Ngrayun Ponorogo Pudak Pulung Sambit Sampung Sawoo Siman Slahung Sooko Sukorejo KAB PROBOLINGGO Bantaran Banyuanyar Besuk Dringu Gading Gending Kotaanyar Kraksaan Krejengan Krucil Kuripan Leces Lumbang Maron Paiton Pajarakan Pakuniran Probolinggo Sukapura Sumber Sumberasih Tegalsiwalan Tiris Tongas Wonomerto KAB SAMPANG Banyuates Camplong Jrengik Kedungdung Ketapang Omben Robatal Sampang Sokobanah Sreseh Tambelangan Torjun KAB SIDOARJO Balongbendo Buduran Candi Gedangan Jabon Krembung Krian Porong Prambon S edati Sidoarjo Sukodono Taman Tanggulangin Tarik Tulangan Waru Wonoayu KAB SITUBONDO Arjasa Asembagus Banyugluglur Banyuputih Besuki Bungatan Jangkar Jatibanteng Kapongan Kendit Mangaran Mlandingan Panarukan Panji Situbondo Suboh Sumber Malang KAB SUMENEP Ambunten Arjasa Batang Batang Batuan Batuputih Bluto Dasuk Dungkek Ganding Gapura Gayam Giligenteng Guluk-Guluk Kalianget Kangean Sumenep Lenteng Manding Masalembu Nonggunong Pasongsongan Pragaan Raas Rubaru Sapeken Saronggi Talango KAB TRENGGALEK Bendungan Dongko Durenan Gandusari Kampak Karangan Munjungan Panggul Pogalan Pule Suruh Trenggalek Tugu Watulimo KAB TUBAN Bancar Bangilan Grabagan Jatirogo Jenu Kenduruan Kerek Merakurak Montong Palang Parengan Plumbang Rengel Semanding Senori Singgahan Soko Tambakboyo Tuban Widang KAB TULUNGAGUNG Bandung Besuki Boyolangu Campurdarat Gondang Kedungwaru Kalidawir Karangrejo Kauman Ngantru Ngunut Pagerwojo Pakel Pucanglaban Rejotangan Sendang Sumbergempol Tanggung Gunung Tulungagung KOTA BATU Batu Bumiaji Junrejo KOTA BLITAR Kepanjenkidul Sananwetan Sukorejo KOTA KEDIRI Kediri Mojoroto Pesantren KOTA MADIUN Kartoharjo Madiun Manguharjo Taman KOTA MALANG Blimbing Kedungkandang Klojen Lowokwaru Malang Sukun KOTA MOJOKERTO Magersari Parajurit Kulon KOTA PASURUAN Bugulkidul Gadingrejo Pasuruan Purworejo KOTA PROBOLINGGO Dupok Kademangan Kanigaran Mayangan Wonoasih KOTA SURABAYA Asemrowo Benowo Bubutan Bulak Dukuh Pakis Gayungan Genteng Gubeng Gununganyar Jambangan Karangpilang Kenjeran Krembangan Lakarsantri Mulyorejo Pabean Cantikan Pakal Rungkut Sambikerep Sawahan Semampir Simokerto Sukolilo Sukomanunggal Surabaya Tambaksari Tandes Tegalsari Tenggilis Mejoyo Wiyung Wonocolo Wonokromo KAB BANTUL Bambanglipuro Banguntapan Bantul Dlingo Imogiri Jetis Kasihan Kretek Pajangan Pandak Piyungan Pleret Pundong Sanden Sedayu Sewon Srandakan KAB GUNUNG KIDUL Gedangsari Girisubo Karangmojo Ngawen Nglipar Paliyan Panggang Patuk Playen Ponjong Purwosari Rongkop Saptosari Semanu Semin Tanj ungsari Tepus Wonosari KAB KULONP ROGO Girimulyo Galur Kalibawang Kokap Lendah Nanggulan Panjatan Pengasih Samigaluh Sentolo Temon Wates KAB SLEMAN Berbah Cangkringan Depok Gamping Godean Kalasan Minggir Mlati Moyudan Ngaglik Ngemplak Pakem Prambanan Seyegan Sleman Tempel Turi KOTA YOGYAKARTA Danurejan Gedongtengen Gondokusuman Gondomanan Jetis Kotagede Kraton Mantrijeron Mergangsan Ngampilan Pakualaman Tegalrejo Umbulharjo Yogyakarta Wirobrajan KAB BADUNG Abiansemal Kuta Legian Ngurah Rai Sanur Jimbaran Nusa Dua Menguwi Petang KAB BANGLI Bangli Kintamani Susut Tembuku KAB BULELENG Banjar Buleleng Busung Biu Gerokgak Kubutambahan Sawan Seririt Singaraja Sukasada Tejakula KAB GIANYAR Blahbatuh Gianyar Payangan Sukawati Tampaksiring Tegal Lalang Ubud KAB JEMBRANA gilimanuk (desa) Melaya Mendoyo Negara Pekutatan KAB KARANGASEM Abang Amlapura Bebandem Karangasem Kubu Manggis Rendang Selat Sidemen KAB KLUNGKUNG Banjarangkan Dawan Klungkung Nusapenida KAB TABANAN Baturiti Kediri Kerambitan M arga Penebel Pupuan Selemadeg Selemadeg Barat Selemadeg Timur Tabanan Bajera KOTA DENPASAR Denpasar Denpasar Barat Denpasar Selatan Denpasar Timur KAB BIMA Ambalawi Belo Bolo Donggo Lambu Langgudu Mada Pangga Monta Sanggar Sape Tambora Wawo Wera Woha KAB DOMPU Dompu Huu Kilo Manggelewa Pajo Pekat Woja Kempo KAB LOMBOK BARAT Batu Layar Bayan Gangga Gerung Gunung Sari Kayangan Kediri Kuripan Labu Api Lembar Lingsar Narmada Pemenang Sekotong Tengah Tanjung KAB LOMBOK TENGAH Batukliang Utara Batukliang Janapria Jonggat Kopang Praya Barat Daya Praya Barat Praya Tengah Praya Timur Praya Pringgarata Pujut KAB LOMBOK TIMUR Aikmel Jerowaru Keruak Labuhan Haji Mas Bagik Montong Gading Pringgabaya Pringgasela Sakra Barat Sakra Timur Sakra Sambelia Selong Sembalun Sikur Suela Sukamulia Suralaga Terara Wanasaba KAB SUMBAWA Alas Barat Alas Batu Lanteh Empang Labangka Labuhan Badas Lape-Lopok Lunyuk Moyohilir Moyohulu Plampang Ropang Sumbawa Besar Sumbawa Utan-Rhee KAB SUMBAWA BARAT Taliwang Jereweh Sekongkang Seteluk Brang Rea KOTA MATARAM Ampenan Cakranegara Mataram KOTA BIMA Asakota Bima Rasanae Barat Rasanae Timur Raba Mpunda KAB ALOR Alor Barat Daya Alor Barat Laut Alor Selatan Alor Tengah Utara Alor Timur Laut Alor Timur Kalabahi Pantar Barat Pantar Teluk Mutiara KAB BELU Atambua Kakuluk Mesak Kobalima Lamakmen Malaka Barat Malaka Tengah Malaka Timur Raihat Rinhat Sasita Mean Tasefeto Barat Tasifeto Timur KAB ENDE Detukeli Detusoko Ende Selatan Ende Tengah Ende Timur Ende Utara Ende Kelimutu Kotabaru Lio Timur MagekobaMaurole Maukaro Nanga Panda Ndona Timur Ndona Pulau Ende Wewaria Wolo Waru Wolojita KAB FLORES TIMUR Adonara Barat Adonara Timur Ile Boleng Ile Mandiri Kelubagolit Larantuka Solor Barat Solor Timur Tanjung Bunga Titihena Witihama Wotan Ulu mado Wulanggitan KAB KUPANG Amabioefeto Timur Amarasi Barat Amarasi Selatan Amarasi Timur Amarasi Amfoang Barat Daya Amfoang Barat Laut Amfoang Selatan Amfoang Utara Fatuleu Fatuleu Barat Fatuleu Tengah Hawu Mehara Kupang Bar at Kupang Tengah Kupang Timur Nekemese Oelamasi Raijua Sabu Barat Sabu Liae Sabu Timur Semau Semau Selatan Sulamu Taebenu Takari KAB LEMBATA Buyasuri Omesuri Lebatukan Lembata Ile Ape Nubatukan Atadei Nagawutung Wulandoni KAB MANGGARAI Reo Cibal Komba Lambaleda Mborong Ponco Ranaka Sambi Rambas Satarmese Wae Rii Ruteng KAB MANGGARAI BARAT Komodo Kuwus Labuan Bajo Lembor Macang Pacar Sanonggoang KAB MANGGARAI TIMUR Poco Ranaka Borong Lomba Lamba Leda Elar Sambi Rampas KAB NAGEKEO Mbay Aesesa Boawae Mauponggo Nangaroro Keo Tengah Wolo Wae Aesesa Selatan KAB NGADA Aimere Bajawa Jere Buu Ngada Bawa Riung Barat Riung Soa Wogomang Ulewa Golewa KAB ROTENDAO Baa Lobalain Pantai Baru Rote Barat Daya Rote Barat Laut Rote Tengah Rote Timur KAB SIKKA Alok Bola Kewapante Lela Maumere Mego Nitta Paga Palue Talibura Waigete KAB SUMBABARAT Laratama Waikabubak Walakaka KAB SUMBABARATDAYA Kodi Kodi Bangedo Kodi Utara Laura Tambolaka Wewewa Barat Wewewa Selatan Wewewa Timur Wewewa Utara KAB SUMBATENGAH K atikutana Mamboro Umbu Ratu Nggay Umbu Ratu Nggay Barat Waibakul KAB SUMBATIMUR Haharu Kahaungu Eti Karera Waingapu Lewa Matawai Lapau Nggaha Oriangu Paberiwai Pahunga Lodu Pandawai Pinu Pahar Rindi Tabundung Umalulu Wulla Waijelu KAB TIMOR TENGAH SELATAN Amanatun Selatan Amanatun Tengah Amanatun Timur Amanatun Utara Amanuban Barat Amanuban Selatan Batu Putih Boking Fatumnasi Kalbano Kie Soe Kotolin Kualin Kuan Fatu Mollo Selatan Mollo Utara Nunkolo Oenino Polen Tionas KAB TIMOR TENGAH UTARA Biboki Anleu Biboki Selatan Biboki Utara Insana Insana Utara Kefamenanu Miomafo Barat Miomafo Timur Neomuti KOTA KUPANG Alak Kelapa Lima Kupang Mawlapa Oebobo KAB BENGKAYANG Bengkayang Jagoi Babang Ledo Monterado Samalantan Sanggau Ledo Seluas Sungai Raya Suti Semarang Teriak KAB KAPUAS HULU Badau Batang Lupar Batu Datu Boyan Tanjung Bunut Hilir Bunut Hulu Embaloh Hilir Embaloh Hulu Embau Empanang Hulu Gurung Kalis Kedamin Manday Mentebah Puring Kencana Putussibau Seberuang Selimbau Semitau Silat H ilir Silat Hulu Suhaid KAB KETAPANG Benua Kayong Air Upas Delta Pawan Hulu Sungai Jelai Hulu Kendawangan Ketapang Manis Mata Marau Matan Hilir Selatan Matan Hilir Utara Muara Pawan Nanga Tayap Pemaham Sandai Simpang Dua Simpang Hulu Singkup Sungai Laur Tumbang Titi KAB KAYONG UTARA Pulau Maya Karimata Simpang Hilir Sukadana Teluk Batang Seponti Jaya KAB LANDAK Air Besar Kuala Behe Mandor Mempawah Hulu Menjalin Menyuke Meranti Ngabang Sebangki Sengah Temila KAB MELAWI Ambalau Belimbing Ella Hilir Menukung Nanga Pinoh Sayan Serawai Sokan Tanah Pinoh KAB PONTIANAK Kubu Mempawah Rasau Jaya Siantan Wajok Sungai Ambawang Sungai Kakap Sungai Kunyit Sungai Pinyuh Sungai Raya Telok Pakedai Toho KAB SAMBAS Galing Jawai Jawai Selatan Paloh Pemangkat Sajingan Sambas Sajad Sebawi Sejangkung Selakau Semparuk Subah Tanggaran Tebas Tekarang Teluk Keramat KAB SANGGAU Balai Beduwai Bonti Entikong Jangkang Kembayan Meliau Mukok Noyan Parindu Sanggau Sekayam Tayan Hilir Tayan Hulu Toba KAB SEKADAU Belitan g Belitang Hilir Belitang Hulu Nanga Mahap Nanga Taman Sekadau Hilir Sekadau Hulu KAB SINTANG Ambalau Binjai Hulu Dedai Kayan Hilir Kayan Hulu Kelam Permai Ketungau Hilir Ketungau Hulu Ketungau Tengah Sepauk Sintang Sungai Tebelian Tempunak KAB KUBU RAYA Batu Ampar Kubu Raya Sui Raya Rasau Jaya Terentang Sui Ambawang Kuala Mandor B. Sui. Kakap Sungai Raya Teluk Pakedai KOTA PONTIANAK Pontianak Pontianak Barat Pontianak Kota Pontianak Selatan Pontianak Tenggara Pontianak Timur Jungkat Pontianak Utara KOTA SINGKAWANG Singkawang Singkawang Barat Singkawang Utara Singkawang Selatan Singkawang Timur Singkawang Tengah KAB BALANGAN Awayan Batu Mandi Halong Juai Lampihong Paringin KAB BANJAR Aluh Aluh Aranio Astambul Gambut Karang Intan Kertak Hanyar Martapura Mataraman Pengaron Simpang Empat Sungai Pinang Sungai Tabuk KAB BARITO KUALA Alalak Anjir Muara Anjir Pasar Bakumpai Barambai Belawang Cerbon Kuripan Mandastana Marabahan Mekar Sari Rantau Badauh Tabukan Tabunganen Tamban Wanaraya KAB HULU SUNGAI SELATAN Angkinang Daha Barat Daha Selatan Daha Utara Kalumpang Kandangan Loksado Padang Batung Simpur Sungai Raya Telaga Langsat KAB HULU SUNGAI TENGAH Barabai Batang Alai Selatan Batang Alai Tengah Batang Alai Utara Batu Benawa Hantakan Haruyan Labuan Amas Selatan Labuan Amas Utara Pandawan KAB HULU SUNGAI UTARA Amuntai Amuntai Selatan Amuntai Tengah Amuntai Utara Babirik Banjang Danau Panggang Sungai Pandan KAB KOTA BARU Hampang Kelumpang Hulu Kelumpang Selatan Kelumpang Tengah Kelumpang Utara Kota Baru Pamukan Selatan Pamukan Utara Pulau Laut Barat Pulau Laut Selatan Pulau Laut Timur Pulau Laut Utara Pulau Sebuku Pulau Sembilan Sampanahan Sungai Durian KAB TANAH LAUT Bati Bati Batu Ampar Jorong Kintap Kurau Panyipatan Pelaihari Takisung Tambang Ulang KAB TABALONG Banua Lawas Bintang Ara Haruai Jaro Kelua Muara Harus Muara Uya Murung Pudak Pugaan Tanjung Tanta Upau KAB TANAH BAMBU Batu Licin Kusan Hilir Kusan Hulu Satui Sungai Loban sungai danau (desa) KAB TAMPIN Bakarangan Binuang Bungur Candi Laras Selatan Candi Laras Utara Lokpaikat Piani Tapin Selatan Tapin Tengah Tapin Utara Hatungun Rantau Salam Babaris KOTA BANJAR BARU Banjar Baru Cempaka Landasan Ulin KOTA BANJARMASIN Banjarmasin Banjarmasin Barat Banjarmasin Selatan Banjarmasin Tengah Banjarmasin Timur Banjarmasin Utara KAB BARITO SELATAN Buntok Du sun Hilir Dusun Selatan Dusun Utara Gunung Bintang Awai Jenamas Karau Kuala KAB BARITO TIMUR Awang Benua Lima Dusun Tengah Dusun Timur Patangkep Tutui Pematang Karau Tamiang Layang KAB BARITO UTARA Gunung Purei Gunung Timang Lahei Montalat Muara Teweh Teweh Tengah Teweh Timur KAB GUNUNG MAS Kahayan Hulu Utara Kurun Munuhing Rungan Sepang Tewah KAB KAPUAS Basarang Kapuas Barat Kapuas Hilir Kapuas Hulu Kapuas Kuala Kapuas Murung Kapuas Tengah Kapuas Timur Kuala Kapuas Mantangai Pulau Petak Selat Timpah KAB KATINGAN Kamipang Kasongan Katingan Hilir Katingan Hulu Katingan Kuala Katingan Tengah Marikit Mendawai Pulau Malan Sanaman Mantikei Tasik Payawan Tewang Sangalang Garing KAB KOTAWARINGIN BARAT Arut Selatan Arut Utara Kotawaringin Lama Kumai Pangkalan Bun Pangkalan Lada Pangkalan Banteng KAB KOTAWARINGIN TIMUR Antang Kalang Baamang Cempaga Kota Besi Mentawa Baru Mentaya Hilir Selatan Mentaya Hilir Utara Mentaya Hulu Parenggean Pulau Hanaut Sampit KAB LAMANDAU Bulik Delang Lamandau Nang a Bulik KAB MURUNG RAYA Laung Tuhup Murung Permata Intan Puruk Cahu Sumber Barito Tanah Siang KAB PULANG PISAU Banamatingang Kahayan Hilir Kahayan Kuala Kahayan Tengah Maliku Pandih Batu Pulang Pisau KAB SUKAMARA Balai Riam Jelai Sukamara KAB SERUYAN Danau Sembuluh Hanau Kuala Pembuang Seruyan Hilir Seruyan Hulu Seruyan Tengah KOTA PALANGKARAYA Bukit Batu Jekan Raya Pahandut Palangkaraya Rakumpit Sebangau KAB BERAU Biduk Biduk Gunung Tabur Kelay Maratua Pulau Derawan Sambaliung Segah Talisayan Tanjung Redeb Teluk Bayur Tubaan KAB BULUNGAN Peso Hilir Pulau Bunyu Sekatak Tanjung Palas Tanjung Palas Barat Tanjung Palas Tengah Tanjung Palas Timur Tanjung Palas Utara Tanjung Selor PesoLongpeso KAB KUTAI BARAT Barong Tongkok Bentian Besar Bongan Damai Jempang Linggang Bigung Long Apari Long Bagun Long Hubung Long Iram Long Pahangai Melak Muara Lawa Muara Pahu Nyuwatan Penyinggahan Sendawar KAB KUTAIKARTA NEGARA Anggana Kembang Janggut Kenohan Kota Bangun Loa Janan Loa Kulu Marang Kayu Muara Badak Muara Jawa Muara Kaman Muara Muntai Muara Wis Sanga-Sanga Sebulu Samboja Tabang Tenggarong Tenggarong Seberang KAB KUTAI TIMUR Batu Ampar Bengalon Busang Kaliorang Karangan Kaubun Kongbeng Long Masengat Muara Ancalong Muara Bengkal Muara Wahau Rantau Pulung Sandaran Sangatta Sangatta Selatan Sangkulirang Sangkima Swarga Bara Singa Gembara Telen Teluk Pandan KAB MALINAU Kayan Hilir Kayan Hulu Malinau Malinau Barat Malinau Selatan Malinau Utara Mentarang Pujungan Sungai Boh KAB NUNUKAN Krayan Krayan Selatan Lumbis Nunukan Sebatik Sebuku KAB PASER Long Ikis Muara Komam Batu Engau Tanjung Harapan Pasir Balengkong Tanah Grogot Muara Samu Batu Sopang Kuaro Long Kali KAB PENAJAM PASER UTARA Babulu Penajam Sepaku Waru KAB TANA TIDUNG Sesayap Sesayap Hilir Tanah Lia Sembakung Tanah Tidung KOTA BALIKPAPAN Balikpapan Balikpapan Barat Balikpapan Selatan Balikpapan Tengah Balikpapan Timur Balikpapan Utara KOTA BONTANG Bontang Bontang Barat Bontang Selatan Bontang Utara KOTA SAMARINDA Palaran Samarinda Samarinda Ilir Samarinda Seberang Samarinda Ulu Samarinda Utara Sungai Kunjang KOTA TARAKAN Tarakan Tarakan Barat Tarakan Tengah Tarakan Timur Tarakan Utara KAB BOALEMO Botumoito Dulupi Mananggu Paguyaman Tilamuta Wonosari KOTA BONE BOLANGO Bone Panta Kabila Suwawa Tapa KAB GORONTALO Anggrek Atinggola Batudaa Boliyohuto Bongomeme Limboto Limboto Barat Mootilango Pulubala Sumalata Telaga Tibawa Tolangohula Tolinggula KAB GORONTALO UTARA Anggrek Atinggota Kwandang Sumalata Tolingula KAB PAHUWALO Lemito Marisa Paguat Patilanggio Popayato Randangan Taluditi KOTA GORONTALO Dungingi Gorontalo Kota Barat Kota Selatan Kota Timur Kota Utara KAB BANTAENG Bantaeng Bissappu Eremerasa Pajukukang Tompobulu Uluere KAB BARRU Balusu Barru Mallusetasi Pujananting Soppeng Riaja Tanete Riaja Tanete Rilau KAB BONE Ajangale Amali Awangpone Barebbo Bengo Bontocani Cenrana Cina Dua Boccoe Kahu Kajuara Lamuru Lappariaja Libureng Mare Palakka Patimpeng Ponre Salomekko Sibulue Tanete Riattang Tanete Ri attang Barat Tanete Riattang Timur Tellu Limpoe Tellu Siattinge Tonra Ulaweng Watampone KAB BULUKUMBA Bonto Bahari Bontotiro Bulukumba Gantarang GantarangkindangGanking Hero Lange-Lange HeralangelangeHerlang Kajang Kindang Riau Ale Ujung Bulu Ujung Loe KAB ENREKANG Alla Alla Timur Anggeraja Anggeraja Timur Baraka Enrekang Enrekang Selatan Maiwa Maiwa Atas KAB GOA Bajeng Barombong Biringbulu Bontomarannu Bontonompo Bungaya Pallangga Parangloe Somba Opu Sungguminasa Tinggimoncong Tombolo Pao Tompobulu KAB JENEPONTO Arungkeke Bangkala Bangkala Barat Batang Binamu Bontoramba Jeneponto Kelara Tamalatea Turatea KAB LUWU Bajo Bassesangtempe Belopa Bua Bua Ponrang Kamanre Lamasi Larompong Laronpong Selatan Latimojong Poncang Suli Walenrang KAB LUWU TIMUR Angkona Burau Malili Soroako Mangkutana Nuha Tomoni Towuti Wotu KAB LUWU UTARA Baebunta Bone-Bone Limbong Malangke Malangke Barat Mappedeceng Masamba Rampi Sabbang Seko Sukamaju KAB MAROS Bantimurung Camba Cenrana Lau Mallawa Mandai Maros Ma ros Baru Maros Utara Marusu Moncongloe Simbang Tanralili Tompu Bulu Turikale KAB PANGKAJENE KEPULAUAN Balocci Bungoro Kalukuang Masalima Labakkang Liukang Tangaya Liukang Tupabbiring Mandalle MaRang Minasa Tene Pangkajene Segeri Tondong Talasa KAB PINRANG Batulappa Cempa Duampanua Lanrisang Lembang Mattiro Bulu Mattirosompe Paleteang Patampanua Pinrang Suppa Tiroang Watang Sawitto KAB SELAYAR Benteng Bontoharu Bontomanai Bontomatene Bontosikuyu Pasilambena Pasimarannu Pasimassunggu Takabonerate KAB SINJAI Bulupoddo Pulau Sembilan Sinjai Sinjai Barat Sinjai Borong Sinjai Selatan Sinjai Tengah Sinjai Timur Sinjai Utara Tellu Limpoe KAB SINDENRENG RAPPANG Baranti Duapitue Kulo Maritengngae Panca Lautang Panca Rijang Pitu Riase Pitu Riawa Sidenreng Tellulimpo E Watang Pulu Sidrap KAB SOPPENG Donri Donri Ganra Lalabata Lili Riaja Lili Rilau Mario Riawa Mario Riwawo Watansoppeng KAB TAKALAR Galesong Selatan Galesong Utara Kota Takalar Mangara Bombang Mappakasunggu Patallassang Polobangkeng S elatan Polobangkeng Utara KAB TANATO RAJA Bituang Bonggakaradeng Makale Mengkendek Rantetayo Saluputti Sangalla Simbuang Gandang Batu Silang Kurra Makale Selatan Makale Utara Mappak Masanda Malimbong Balepe Rano Rembon KAB TANA TORAJA UTARA Awan Rante Karua Balusu Bangkelekila Baruppu Buntao Rantebua Buntu Pepasan DenpinaDende Piongan Napo Kapala Pitu Kesu Nanggala Rantebua Rantepao Rindingalo Sadan Balusu Sanggalangi Sesean Soloara Sopai Tallunglipu Tikala Tondon Nanggala KOTA WAJO Belawa Bola Gilireng Keera Majauleng Maniang Pajo Penrang Pitumpanua Sabbang Paru Sajoanging Sengkang Takkalalla Tana Sitolo Tempe Pamanna KOTA MAKASSAR Biring Kanaya Bontoala MakassarUjung Pandang Mamajang Manggala Mariso Panakkukang Rappocini Tallo Tamalanrea Tamalate Ujung Tanah Wajo KOTA PALOPO Palopo Telluwanua Wara Wara Selatan Wara Utara KOTA PARE-PARE Bacukiki Pare - Pare Soreang Ujung KAB BOMBANA Kabaena Kabaena Timur Poleang Poleang Barat Poleang Timur Rarowatu Rumbia KAB BUTON BUTONUTARA Batauga Batu Atas Gu Kadatua Kapontori Lakudo Lasalimu Lasalimu Selatan Mawasangka Mawasangka Timur Pasar Wajo Sampolawa Siompu Talaga Raya Buranga KAB KOLAKA Baula Kolaka Ladongi Lambadia Latambaga Mowewe Pomalaa Samaturu Tanggetada Tirawuta Uluiwoi Watubangga Wolo Wundulako KAB KOLAKAUTARA Batu Putih Kodeoha Lasusua Ngapa Pakue Ranteangin KAB KONAWE Abuki Asera Bondoala Sampara Lambuya Lasolo Latoma Pondidaha Sawa Soropia Tongauna Uepai Unaaha Wawonii Waworete Wawotobi Wonggeduku KAB KONAWE UTARASELATAN AndoloWanggodo Angata Kolono Konda Lainea Landono Laonti Moramo Palangga Ranomeeto Tinanggea KAB MUNA Barangka Batalaiworu Bonegunu Duruka Bone Kabangka Kabawo Kambowa Katobu Kontunaga Kulisusu Kulisusu Barat Kulisusu Utara Kusambi Lasalepa Lawa Lohia Maginti Maligano Napabalano Parigi Pasir Putih Raha Sawerigadi Tikep Tiworo Tengah Tongkuno Wakorumba Wakorumba Selatan Watopute KAB WAKATOBI Binongko Kaledupa Tomia Wangi-Wangi Wangi-Wangi Selatan KAB KOTA BAU-BAU Bau - Bau Betoambari Bungi Kok alukuna Murhum Sorowalio Wolio KOTA KENDARI Abeli Baruga Kendari Kendar Barat Mandonga Poasia KAB BANGGAI Balantak Batui Boalemo Bunta Kintom Lamala Luwuk Pagimana Toili KAB BANGGAI KEPULAUAN Banggai Bokan Kepulauan Buko Bulagi Bulagi Selatan Liang Lo Bangkurung Tinangkung Totikum KAB BUOL Biau Bokat Bukal Buol Bunobogu Gadung Lipunoto Momunu Paleleh Tiolan KAB DONGGALA Balaesang Banawa Damsol Dolo Kulawi Marawola Palolo Pipikoro Riopakawa Sigi Biromaru Sindue Sirenja Sojol Tawaeli KAB MOROWALI Bahodopi Bungku Bumi Raya Bungku Barat Bungku Selatan Bungku Tengah Bungku Utara Lembo Mamosalato Menui Kepulauan Mori Atas Petasia Soyo Jaya Wita Ponda KAB PARIGI MOUTONG Ampibabo Bolano Lambunu Kasimbar Moutong Parigi Sausu Tinombo Tinombo Selatan Tomini Torue KAB POSO Lage Lore Selatan Lore Tengah Lore Utara Pamona Selatan Pamona Timur Pamona Utara Poso Kota Poso Pesisir KAB TOJOUNA-UNA Ampana Kota Ampana Tete Togean Tojo Tojo Barat Ulu Bongka Una-Una Walea Kepulauan KAB TOLI-TOLI Baolan Basi dondo Dampal Selatan Dampal Utara Dondo Galang Lampasio Ogo Deide Utara Toli-Toli Toli - Toli KOTA PALU Palu Palu Barat Palu Selatan Palu Timur Palu Utara KAB BOLAANG MONGONDOW Bintauna Bolaang Bolang Itang Bolang Uki Dumoga Barat Dumoga Timur Dumoga Utara Kaidipang Kotabunan Kotamobagu Lolak Lolayan Modayag Nuangan Passi Pinogaluman Pinolosian Poigar Posigadan Sangtombolang KAB BOLAANG MONGONDOW UTARA Bintauna Bolaang Itang Barat Bolaang Itang Timur Boroko Kaidipang Pinogaluman Sangkub KAB KEPULAUAN SANGIHE Biaro Kendahe Manganitu Manganitu Selatan Nusa Tabukan Siau Barat Siau Barat Selatan Siau Timur Siau Timur Selatan Tabukan Selatan Tabukan Tengah Tabukan Utara Tagulandang Tagulandang Utara Tahuna Tamako Tatoareng KAB KEPULAUAN TALAUD Beo Essang Gemeh Kabaruan Lirung Melonguane Nanusa Rainis KAB MINAHASA Eris Kakas Kawangkoan Kombi Langowan Barat Langowan Selatan Langowan Timur Lembean Timur Pineleng Remboken Sonder Tombariri Tombulu Tompaso Tondano Tondano Barat Tondano Selatan To ndano Timur Tondano Utara KAB MINAHASA UTARA Airmadidi Dimembe Kalawat Kauditan Kema Likupang Barat Likupang Timur Wori KAB MINAHASA SELATAN Amurang Modoinding Motoling Ranoyapo Sinon Sayang Tareran Tenga Tombasian Tompaso Baru Tumpaan KAB MINAHASA TENGGARA Ratahan Belang Tombatu Touluaan Ratatotok Pusomaen KOTA BITUNG Bitung Bitung Barat Bitung Selatan Bitung Tengah Bitung Timur Bitung Utara KOTA MANADO Bunaken Malalayang Manado Mapanget Sario Singkil Tikala Tuminting Wanea Wenang KOTA TOMOHON Tomohon Tomohon Barat Tomohon Selatan Tomohon Tengah Tomohon Timur Tomohon Utara KAB MAJENE Banggae Majene Malunda Pamboang Sendana KAB MAMASA Aralle Mamasa Mambi Messawa Pana Nosu Sesena Padang Sumarorong Tabang Tabulahan Tanduk Kalua KAB MAMUJU Bonehau Budong-Budong Kalukku Kalumpang Karossa Mamuju Pangale Papalang Sampaga Simboro dan Kepulauan Tappalang Tapalang Barat Tobadak Tommo Topoyo KAB MAMUJU UTARA Bambalamotu Baras Pasangkayu Sarudu KAB POLEWALI MANDAR Allu Anreapi Balanipa Binuang Ca mpalagian Limboro Luyo Mapilli Matakali Matangnga Polewali Tapango Tinambung Tutallu Wonomulyo KAB BURU Air Buaya Buru Utara Barat Leksula Buru Selatan Namlea Waesama Wayapo Buru Utara Timur KAB KEPULAUAN ARU Dobo Pulau-Pulau Aru Pulau-Pulau Aru Selatan Pulau-Pulau Aru Tengah KAB MALUKU TENGAH Amahai Banda Kota Masohi Leihitu Nusa Laut Pulau Haruku Sala Hutu Saparua Seram Utara Tehoru Teon Nila Serua KAB MALUKU TENGGARA Kei Besar Kei Besar Selatan Kei Besar Utara Timur Kei Kecil Pulau-Pulau Kur Tual KAB MALUKU TENGGARA BARAT Damer Kormomolin Luser Mola Nirunmas Pulau-Pulau Babar Pulau-Pulau Babar Timur Pulau-Pulau Letimoa Lakor Pulau-Pulau Terselatan Pulau-Pulau Wetar Saumlaki Selaru Tanimbar Selatan Tanimbar Utara Wer Makatian Wertamrian Wuarlabobar Yaru Serwaru KAB SERAM BAGIAN BARAT Kairatu Seram Barat Piru Taniwel Waisala KAB SERAM BAGIAN TIMUR Bula Dataran Hunimoa Pulau-Pulau Gorong Seram Timur Werinama KOTA AMBON Ambon Nusaniwe Sirimau Teluk Ambon Baguala Teluk Ambon Leitimur Selatan KAB HALMAHERA BARAT Ibu Jailolo Jailolo Selatan Loloda Sahu KAB HALMAHERA SELATAN Bacan Bacan Selatan Bacan Timur Gane Barat Gane Timur Kayoa Labuha Obi Obi Selatan Pulau Makian KAB HALMAHERA TENGAH Gebe Patani Weda KAB HALMAHERA TIMUR Maba Maba Selatan Wasile Wasile Selatan KAB HALMAHERA UTARA Galela Kao Loloda Utara Malifut Morotai Selatan Morotai Selatan Barat Morotai Utara Tobelo Tobelo Selatan KAB KEPULAUAN SULA Mangoli Barat Mangoli Timur Nggele Sanana Sula Besi Barat Taliabu Barat Taliabu Timur KOTA TERNATE Moti Ternate Ternate Selatan Ternate Utara KOTA TIDORE Oba Oba Utara Tidore Tidore Selatan Tidore Utara KAB FAK-FAK Fakfak Fakfak Barat Fakfak Timur Kokas KAB KAIMANA Buruwai Kaimana Teluk Arguni Teluk Etna KAB MANOKWARI Amberbaken Anggi Kebar Manokwari Masni Minyambouw Oransbari Prafi Ransiki Sugurey Warmare KAB RAJAAMPAT Kepulauan Ayau Kofiau Misool Misool Timur Selatan Samate Teluk Mayalibit Waigeo Barat Waigeo Selatan Waigeo Timur Waigeo Utara Waisai KAB SORONG Ab un Aimas Beraur Fef Klamono Makbon Moraid Salawati Sausapor Sayosa Seget Segun Sorong KAB SORONG SELATAN Aifat Aifat Timur Aitinyo Ayamaru Ayamaru Utara Inanwatan Kais Kokoda Mare Moswaren Sawiat Seremuk Teminabuan Wayer KAB TELUK BINTUNI Aranday Babo Bintuni Fafuwar Door Kuri Merdey Moskona Selatan Moskona Utara Tembuni KAB TELUK WONDAMA Rasei Rumberpon Wamesa Wasior Wasior Barat Wasior Selatan Wasior Utara Windesi KOTA SORONG Sorong Barat Sorong Timur KAB ASMAT Agats Akat Atsy Fayit Pantai Kasuari Sawaerma Suator KAB BIAK NUMFOR Biak Barat Biak Kota Biak Utara Biak timur Kepulauan Padaidio Numfor Barat Numfor Timur Samofa Warsa Yendidori KAB BOVEN DIGOEL Distrik Bomakia Jair Kouh Mandobo Mindiptana Tanah Merah Boven Digoel Waropko KAB JAYAPURA Demta Depapre Jayapura Kareuh Kemtuk Kemtuk Gresie Nimbokrang Nimboran Sentani Sentani Barat Sentani Timur Unurum Guay KAB JAYAWIJAYA Abenaho Apalapsili Asologaima Bolakma Gamelia Hubikosi Kelila Kenyam Kobakma Kurulu Maki Mapenduma Pirime Tiom Wamena KAB KEEROM Arso Senggi Skanto Waris Web KAB MAPPI Assue Citak Mitak Edera Haju Kepi Nambioman Bapai Obaa KAB MERAUKE Distrik Ulilin Eligobel Jagebob Kimaam Kurik Merauke Muting Okaba Semangga Sota Tanah Miring KAB MIMIKA Agimuga Jila Jita Kuala Kencana Mimika Barat Mimika Barat Jauh Mimika Barat Tengah Mimika Baru Mimika Timur Mimika Timur Jauh Mimika Timur Tengah Tembaga Pura Timika KAB NABIRE Kamu Kamu Utara Makimi Mapia Nabire Napan Siriwo Sukikai Teluk Umar Uwapa Wanggar Yaur KAB PANIAI Agisiga Aradide Biandoga Bibida Bogoboida Enarotari Homeyo Paniai Barat Paniai Timur Sugapa Tigi Tigi Timur KAB PEGUNUNGAN BINTANG Batom Borme Iwur Kiwirok Okbibab Oksibil KAB PUNCAK JAYA Beoga Fawi Ilaga Ilu Mulia Sinak KAB SARMI Bonggo Pantai Barat Pantai Timur Sarmi Tor Atas KAB SUPIORI Sorendiweri Supiori Selatan Supiori Timur Supiori Utara KAB TALIKORA Bokondini Kanggime Karubaga Kembu KAB WAROPEN Botawa Masirei Waropen Bawah KAB YAHUKIMO Anggruk Kurima Ninia Sumohai KAB YAPEN WAROPEN A ngkaisera Poom Serui Yapen Barat Yapen Selatan Yapen Timur KAB MAMBERAMO RAYA Burmeso Mamberamo Tengah Mamberamo Ilir Mamberamo Ulu Mamberamo Tengah Timur Rufaer Waropen Atas Benuki Sawai KOTA JAYAPURA Abepura Jayapura Selatan Jayapura Utara Muara Tam Pengertian Forex Adalah 2018-11-14T01:15:0007:00 Rating: 5 Diposkan Oleh: adminGoogle yahoo Dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas Langsung ke: navigasi, cari Google Inc. Jenis Publik (NASDAQ: GOOG), (LSE: GGEA) Industri Internet, Perangkat lunak komputer Didirikan Flag of California. svgMenlo Park, California (7 September 19981) Kantor pusat Mountain View, California, Amerika Serikat Tokoh penting Eric E. Schmidt, CEODirektur Sergey Brin, Pendiri, Presiden Teknologi Larry E. Page, Pendiri, Presiden Produk George Reyes, CFO Produk Lihat daftar produk Google Pendapatan Green Arrow Up. svg 16,593 milyar USD (2007)2 Laba bersih Green Arrow Up. svg 4,203 milyar USD (2007)2 Karyawan 19.604 (30 Juni 2008)3 Situs web google Tampilan G oogle pada tahun 1998. Google Inc. (NASDAQ: GOOG dan LSE: GGEA) merupakan sebuah perusahaan publik Amerika Serikat, berperan dalam pencarian Internet dan iklan online. Perusahaan ini berbasis di Mountain View, California, dan memiliki karyawan berjumlah 19.604 orang (30 Juni 2008)34 Filosofi Google meliputi slogan seperti Dont be evil, dan Kerja harusnya menatang dan tantangan itu harusnya menyenangkan, menggambarkan budaya perusahaan yang santai. Google didirikan oleh Larry Page dan Sergey Brin ketika mereka masih mahasiswa di Universitas Stanford dan perusahaan ini merupakan perusahaan saham pribadi pada 7 September 1998. Penawaran umum perdananya dimulai pada tanggal 19 Agustus 2004, mengumpulkan dana 1,67 milyar, menjadikannya bernilai 23 milyar. Melalui berbagai jenis pengembangan produk baru, pengambil alihan dan mitra, perusahaan ini telah memperluas bisnis pencarian dan iklan awalnya hingga ke area lainnya, termasuk email berbasis web, pemetaan online, produktivitas perusahaan, dan bertukar video. Produk Artikel utama untuk bagian ini adalah: Daftar produk Google Antarmuka Gmail, layanan surat elektronik Google, dalam bahasa Indonesia. Google telah membuat layanan dan peralatan untuk lingkungan bisnis dan masyarakat termasuk aplikasi web, jaringan periklanan dan solusi bagi bisnis. sunting Periklanan Kebanyakan dari pendapatan Google berasal dari program periklanan. Untuk keuangan tahun 2006, perusahaan ini dilaporkan mendapat jumlah keuntungan periklanan sebesar 10,492 milyar dan hanya 112 juta pada pendapatan lisensi dan lainnya.5 Google AdWords membolehkan pengiklan web menampilkan iklannya dalam hasil pencarian Google dan Google Content Network, melalui sebuah sistem bayar-per-klik atau bayar-per-lihat. Pemilik website Google AdSense juga dapat menampilkan iklannya di situs mereka sendiri, dan mendapat untung setiap kali iklan diklik. sunting Aplikasi Google dikenal luas karena layanan pencarian webnya, yang mana merupakan sebuah faktor besar dari kesuksesan perusahaan ini. Pada Agustus 2007, Google merupakan mesin pencari di web yang paling sering digunakan dengan saham pasaran sebanyak 53,6, kemudian Yahoo (19,9) dan Live Search (12,9).6 Google memiliki milyaran halaman web, sehingga pengguna dapat mencari informasi yang mereka inginkan, melalui penggunaan kata kunci dan operator. Google juga telah menggunakan teknologi Pencarian Web pada layanan pencarian lainnya, termasuk, Pencarian Gambar, Google News, situs perbandingan harga Google Product Search, arsip Usenet interaktif Google Groups, Google Maps dan lainnya. Tahun 2004, Google meluncurkan layanan email berbasis web gratisnya, disebut sebagai Gmail.7 Gmail memiliki fitur teknologi penyaringan spam dan kemampuan untuk menggunakan teknologi Google untuk mencari email. Layanan ini mendatangkan keuntungan dengan menampilkan iklan dari layanan AdWords yang dimasukkan dalam isi pesan email yang ditampilkan di layar. Pada awal 2006, perusahaan ini meluncurkan Google Video, yang tidak hanya membolehkan pengguna untuk mencari dan melihat video secara gratis, tetapi juga membolehkan pengguna dan penyebar media menyebarkan isinya, termasuk acara-acara televisi CBS, pertandingan basket NBA, dan video musik.8 Bulan Agustus 2007, Google mengumumkan bahwa mereka akan menghentikan program penyewaan dan penjualan videonya dan menawarkan pengembalian uang dan kredit Google Checkout bagi pengguna yang telah membeli video untuk sendiri. Google juga telah membuat beberapa aplikasi desktop, termasuk Google Earth, sebuah program pemetaan interaktif yang disediakan oleh satelit dan fotografi udara yang mencakup keseluruhan planet Bumi. Google Earth dianggap sangat akurat dan lebih mendetil. Beberapa kota besar memiliki gambar jelas yang dapat dibesarkan sedekat-dekatnya untuk melihat kendaraan dan pejalan kaki dengan jelas. Akibatnya, terdapat beberapa alasan mengenai keterlibatan dalam keamanan nasional. Secara spesifik, beberapa negara dan militer beranggapan perangkat lunak ini dapat digunakan untuk melihat dengan kejelasan dekat-jelas lokasi fisik infrastruktur yang rusak, bangunan komersial dan penghunian, pangkalan, agensi pemerintah, dan lainnya. Bagaimanapun, gambar satelit jarang diperbarui, dan semuanya tersedia gratis melalui produk lainnya dan bahkan sumber pemerintah (NASA dan National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency, sebagai contoh). Beberapa orang menilai argumen ini dengan menyatakan bahwa Google Earth mudah diakses juga saat mencari lokasi. Beberapa produk lainnya tersedia melalui Google Labs, yang mana merupakan sebuah koleksi aplikasi yang belum selesai dan masih dalam tahap ujicoba agar dapat digunakan publik. Google telah mempromosikan produk mereka dalam berbagai cara. Di London, Google Space didirikan di Bandar Udara Heathrow, menampilkan berbagai produk, termasuk Gmail, Google Earth dan Picasa.910 Juga, sebuah halaman yang sama diluncurkan untuk mahasiswa Amerika, dibawah nama College Life, Powered by Google.11 Tahun 2007, beberapa laporan menyatakan bahwa Google merencanakan peluncuran telepon genggam milik mereka, kemungkinan sebuah pesaing bagi iPhone Apple.121314 Pada 5 November 2007, Google akhirnya mengumumkan Android, sebuah platform perangkat lunak dan sistem operasi bagi perangkat bergerak yang didukung Open Handset Alliance, sebuah konsorsium yang terdiri dari 34 perusahaan perangkat lunak, perangkat keras, dan telekomunikasi yang bertujuan mengembangkan standar terbuka bagi perangkat bergerak. Pada bulan September 2008, T-Mobile merilis ponsel pertama yang berjalan pada platform Android, yakni G1. Bulan Oktober 2007, layanan Google SMS diluncurkan di India dan membolehkan pengguna memperoleh daftar bisnis, jadwal pemutaran film dan informasi dengan mengirim pesan singkat.15 Google juga meluncurkan Google Chrome yaitu sebuah browser. Browser ini cukup cepat dan tampilannya minimalis sunting Produk turunan Tahun 2007, Google meluncurkan Google Apps Premier Edition, sebuah versi lain Google Apps yang difokuskan terutama pada pengguna bisnis. Produk ini memiliki beberapa tambahan seperti ruang disk lebih banyak untuk e-mail, akses API, dan penyokong utama, dengan harga USD50 per pengguna per tahun. Sebuah pertemuan besar Google Apps dengan 38.000 pengguna dilaksanakan di Universitas Lakehead di Thunder Bay, Ontario, Kanada.16 Pada 13 Desember 2007, Google mengumumkan peluncuran terbatas Knol, sebuah situs web yang ditujukan sebagai sumber referensi pengetahuan. Knol dibuka bebas kepada semua pengguna pada 23 Juli 2008. sunting Platform Artikel utama untuk bagian ini adalah: Platform Google Layanan Google berjalan pada beberapa ladang server, setiap ladang berisi ribuan komputer komoditas bertarif rendah yang menjalankan versi Linux. Sementara perusahaan ini tidak menyediakan informasi mendetil mengenai perangkat kerasnya, sebuah perhitungan tahun 2006 menyatakan bahwa terdapat 450.000 server, dikelompokkan dan diletakkan di pusat data di seluruh dunia.17 sunting Kebiasaan dan budaya perusahaan Google dikenal dengan etos kerjanya yang santai, yang mengingatkan kepada musim Dot-com. Bulan Januari 2007, budaya Google tersebut dipelajari oleh Fortune Magazine dan menempati urutan 1 (dari 100) perusahaan terbaik untuk bekerja.18 Filosofi perusahaan ini didasarkan pada berbagai prinsip biasa seperti, Anda dapat menghasilkan uang tanpa melakukan vandal, Anda dapat bekerja serius tanpa mengenakan seragam, dan Bekerja harusnya menantang dan tantangan itu harusnya menyenangkan. Sebuah daftar lengkap fundamental perusahaan tersedia di website-nya.19 Budaya bekerja santai Google dapat dilihat dari logo Google-nya yang bervariasi pada hari-hari penting. Google telah dikritik karena melakukan penggajian di bawah standar industri20. Contohnya, beberapa administrator sistem digaji kurang dari 35.000 per tahun 8211 dianggap kurang untuk pasaran kerja Bay Area.21 Bagaimanapun, performa saham Google setelah IPO telah membolehkan banyak karyawan awal diberi ganti rugi dengan berpartisipasi dalam pertumbuhan kekayaan perusahaan.22 Google mengimplementasikan insentif karyawan lainnya tahun 2005, seperti Google Founders Award, dengan tambahan untuk memberikan gaji besar kepada karyawan baru. Kenyamanan, budaya, popularitas global, dan penghargaan terhadap merek kuatnya juga telah menarik banyak pelamar kerja yang berpotensi. Setelah IPO pada Agustus 2004, dilaporkan bahwa pendiri Sergey Brin dan Larry Page, dan CEO Eric Schmidt, meminta bahwa gaji mereka dipotong menjadi 1.23 Penawaran yang akan datang oleh perusahaan untuk meningkatkan gaji mereka telah dibatalkan, terutama karena, ganti rugi utama mereka akan datang dari pengembalian kepemilikan saham di Google. Sebagai pemegang saham signifikan, kekayaan masing-masing dikaitkan secara langsung untuk menyeimbangkan performa dan apresiasi harga saham, yang menyediakan persilangan langsung dengan ketertarikan pemegang saham.23 Tahun 2004, Schmidt digaji 250.000 per tahun, dan Page dan Brin masing-masing digasji 150.000.23 Mereka semua telah menolak penawaran bonus dan peningkatan ganti rugi oleh dewan direktur Google. Pada laporan orang terkaya Amerika Serikat tahun 2007, Forbes melaporkan bahwa Sergey Brin dan Larry Page menempati urutan 5 dengan kekayaan 18,5 milyar masing-masing.24 sunting Googleplex Googleplex Artikel utama untuk bagian ini adalah: Googleplex Sambil bermain-main dengan nama Google, kantornya, di Mountain View, California, diberi nama Googleplex 8212 sebuah googolplex yaitu 1 diikuti seratus nol, dan kantor tersebut menjadi sebuah komplek bangunan (semacam multiplex, cineplex, dll). Lobinya didekorasi dengan piano, lampu lava, kumpulan server lama, dan proyeksi tanda tanya di dinding. Lorongnya penuh dengan bola dan sepeda latihan. Setiap karyawan memiliki akses menuju pusat hiburan kantor. Kebutuhan yang disediakan tersebar di seluruh kampus dan termasuk sebuah gimnasium dengan alat-alat olahraga, ruang loker, kamar mandi, ruang pijat, permainan video, Foosball, anak piano besar, meja bilyar, dan ping pong. Dengan tambahan menuju ruang rekreasi, terdapat ruang makan terisi berbagai sereal, permen beruang, gula-gula, permen hitam, kacang mede, yogurt, wortel, buah-buahan segar, dan lusinan minuman seperti jus segar, soda, dan cappuccino buatan sendiri. rujukan Papan letak di Googleplex Tahun 2006, Google berpindah ke perkantoran seluas 28.900 m178 di New York City, tepatnya 111 Eighth Ave. di Manhattan.25 Kantor tersebut dirancang dan dibangun khusus untuk Google dan merumahkan tim penjualan iklan terbesarnya yang telah berperan dalam menjaga kerjasama besar, terutama dengan MySpace dan AOL.25 Tahun 2003, mereka menambah seorang petugas pengembangan di New York City, yang telah bertanggung jawab untuk lebih dari 100 proyek pengembangan, termasuk Google Maps, Google Spreadsheet, dan lainnya.25 Diperkirakan bahwa bangunan tersebut menguras biaya 10 juta per tahun untuk sewa dan bentuk juga fungsinya sama dengan kantor di Mountain View, termasuk Foosball, hoki udara, dan meja ping-pong, juga area permainan video.25 Pada tahun 2006, Google juga meresmikan kantor baru untuk divisi AdWords-nya di Ann Arbor, Michigan.26 Ukuran sistem pencarian Google belum diketahui perkiraan jumlah server perusahaan adalah 450.000, yang tersebar di 25 lokasi di seluruh dunia, termasuk pusat operasi besar di Irlandia dan Atlanta, Georgia. Google juga sedang dalam proses pembangunan pusat operasi besar di The Dalles, Oregon, di tepi Sungai Columbia. Situs tersebut, disebut media sebagai Project 02, dipilih karena ketersediaan tenaga hidroelektrik dan stok kabel fiber optik besar, yang ditinggalkan sejak musim dot com pada tahun 1990-an. Pusat komputasi ini diperkirakan seluas dua lapangan sepak bola, dan telah menghasilkan ratusan lapangan kerja konstruksi, mengakibatkan harga real estat lokal meningkat 40. Setelah selesai, bangunan ini akan menghasilkan 60 hingga 200 lapangan kerja permanen di kota berpenduduk 12.000 orang itu.27 Google juga membuat langkah untuk menjamin operasi mereka ramah lingkungan. Bulan Oktober 2006, perusahaan ini mengumumkan rencana untuk memasang ribuan panel solar untuk menyediakan 1,6 megawatt listrik, cukup untuk memenuhi 30 kebutuhan energi kampus.28 Sistem ini akan menjadi sistem tenaga solar terbesar di kampus perusahaan AS dan salah satu yang terbesar di dunia. Bulan Juni 2007, Google mengumumkan bahwa mereka berencana untuk berstatus bebas karbon pada 2008, yang mencakup berinvestasi pada efisiensi energi, sumber energi yang diperbarui, dan tidak menggunakan karbon, seperti berinvestasi di proyek seperti mengumpulkan dan membakar metana dari kotoran hewan di pertanian-pertanian Meksiko dan Brazil.29 sunting Dua puluh persen waktu Semua pengembang Google menyisakan 20 waktu kerja mereka (sehari per minggu) pada proyek yang menarik mereka. Beberapa layanan baru Google, seperti Gmail, Google News, Orkut, dan AdSense berasal dari para pengembang independen ini.30 Dalam pembicaraan di Universitas Stanford, Marissa Mayer, Wakil Presiden Google untuk Produk Pencarian dan Kepuasan Pengguna, menyatakan bahwa analisisnya menunjukkan bahwa setengah dari produk baru yang diluncurkan berasal dari 20 waktu tersebut.31 sunting Telur paskah dan lawakan Hari April Mop Artikel utama untuk bagian ini adalah: Kebohongan Google Google memiliki sebuah tradisi untuk membuat lawakan Hari April Mop 8212 seperti Google MentalPlex, yang memiliki fitur penggunaan kekuatan mental untuk mencari web.32 Tahun 2002, mereka mengklaim bahwa merpati merupakan rahasia di belakang mesin pencarinya yang berkembang itu.33 Tahun 2004, mereka meluncurkan Google Lunar (yang diklaim untuk menghasilkan lowongan pekerjaan di bulan),34 dan tahun 2005, sebuah minuman fiksi perangsang otak, bernama Google Gulp diluncurkan.35 Tahun 2006, mereka datang dengan Google Ro mance, sebuah layanan kencan online.36 Tahun 2007, Google mengumumkan dua produk lawakan. Pertama adalah sebuah layanan Internet nirkabel gratis disebut TiSP (Toilet Internet Service Provider) 37 dimana seseorang memperoleh koneksi dengan menyiram ujung kabel fiber optik ke toilet mereka dan menunggu sekitar sejam untuk Plumbing Hardware Dispatcher (PHD) untuk menghubungkannya dengan Internet.37 Tambahannya, halaman Gmail Google menampilkan pengumuman untuk Gmail Paper, yang membolehkan pengguna layanan email gratis mereka tersebut mendapat pesan email-nya diterbitkan dan dikirim menuju alamat surat yang dituju.38 Beberapa orang mengira pengumuman Gmail tahun 2004 sekitar Hari April Mop (juga penggandaan ruang penyimpanan Gmail menjadi dua gigabita pada 2005) bohong, meskipun keduanya berubah menjadi pengumuman asli. Tahun 2005, sebuah grafik bohong menyatakan keberhasilan Google untuk penyimpanan tidak terbatas plus satu GB ditampilkan dalam homepage Gmail. Layanan Google berisi sejumlah telur Paskah contohnya, halaman Peralatan Bahasa menawarkan pencarian dengan bahasa Bork bork bork dari Koki Swedia, Hacker (sebenarnya leet) dari Pig Latin, Elmer Fudd, dan Klingon.39 Dengan tambahan, kalkulator mesin pencari ini menyediakan Answer to Life, the Universe, and Everything dari The Hitchhiker Guide to the Galaxy oleh Douglas Adams.40 Sementara kotak pencarian Google dapat digunakan sebagai penukar satuan (juga sebagai kalkulator), beberapa satuan non-standar juga dimasukkan, seperti Smoot. Google juga secara rutin merubah logonya dengan berbagai variasi liburan atau hari khusus sepanjang tahun, seperti Natal, Hari Ibu, atau ulang tahun sejumlah orang terkenal.41 sunting IPO dan budaya Banyak orang berspekulasi bahwa IPO Google dapat mempengaruhi budaya perusahaan,42 karena tekanan pemegang saham untuk pengurangan keuntungan karyawan dan jangka-pendek, atau karena jumlah karyawan perusahaan yang besar dapat menjadi milyuner mendadak. Salam sebuah laporan yang diberikan kepada investor berpotensi, pendiri Sergey Brin dan Larry Page berjanji bahwa IPO tersebut tidak akan merubah budaya perusahaan.43 Kemudian Page berkata, Kami berpikir mengenai bagaimana mempertahankan budaya dan elemen menyenangkan kami. Kami membuang banyak waktu untuk membetulkan kantor kami. Kami berpikir penting untuk memiliki banyak karyawan. Orang-orang dikumpulkan bersama di mana-mana. Kami semua berbagi kantor. Kami menyukai kumpulan bangunan ini karena terlihat seperti kampus universitas yang disatukan daripada sebuah taman perkantoran pinggiran kota biasa.44 Bagaimanapun, beberapa penganalis menemukan bahwa seiring Google tumbuh, perusahaan ini makin menjadi korporat. Tahun 2005, artikel di The New York Times dan sumber lainnya menyatakan bahwa Google telah kehilangan anti-korporatnya, tanpa filosofi asal454647 Dengan maksud untuk memepertahankan budaya unik perusahaan, Google telah menghasilkan seorang Chief Culture Officer pada 2006, yang juga melayani sebagai Direktur Sumber Daya Manusia. Kerja Chief Culture Officer adalah untuk membangun dan mempertahankan budaya dan kerja pada jalan yang benar menuju hasil inti bahwa perusahaan ini didirikan pada awalnya 8212 sebuah perusahaan kecil, langkanya hirarki, sebuah lingkungan yang kolaboratif.48 sunting Kritik Artikel utama untuk bagian ini adalah: Kritik terhadap Google Sambil bertumbuh, Google telah menerima berbagai kontroversi yang dikaitkan dengan praktik dan layanan bisnis mereka. Contohnya, tujuan Google Book Search adalah untuk memasukkan jutaan buku dan menjadikannya mudah dicari telah memimpin pada penyalahgunaan hak cipta dengan Authors Guild. Masalah hak cipta lainnya adalah mengenai Gmail di Inggris dan beberapa negara lainya. Sekarang, di berbagai belahan dunia, dikenal sebagai Google Mail. Kerjasama Google dengan pemerintah Cina, dan lebih jauh dengan Perancis dan Jerman (setelah penolakan Holocaust) untuk menyaring hasil pencarian berdasarkan hukum dan regulasi daerah yang memimpin kepada klaim penyensoran. Cookie Google dan praktik pengumpulan informasi lainnya telahmemimpin kepada masalah mengenai privasi pengguna. Beberapa pemerintah daerah India telah membicarakan masalah mengenai risiko keamanan yang ditampilkan oleh detil gambar yang disediakan oleh Google Earth.49 Google juga telah dikritik oleh pengiklan karena melakukan klik bayar, ketika seseorang digunakan untuk melakukan pembayaran pada sebuah iklan tanpa memiliki rasa ketertarikan terhadap produk tersebut. Laporan industri tahun 2006 mengklaim bahwa sekitar 14 hingga 20 persen klik merupakan pemaksaan bayar.50 History Main article: History of Google Google in 1998 The first iteration of Google production servers was built with inexpensive hardware and was designed to be very fault-tolerant Google began in January 1996 as a research project by Larry Page and Sergey Brin when they were both PhD students at Stanford University in California.22 While conventional search engines ranked results by counting how many times the search terms appeared on the page, the two theorized about a better system that analyzed the relationships between websites.23 They called this new technology PageRank, where a websites relevance was determined by the number of pages, and the importance of those pages, that linked back to the original site.24 A small search engine called Rankdex was already exploring a similar strategy.25 Page and Brin originally nicknamed their new search engine BackRub, because the syste m checked backlinks to estimate the importance of a site.2627 Eventually, they changed the name to Google, originating from a misspelling of the word googol,2829 the number one followed by one hundred zeros, which was meant to signify the amount of information the search engine was to handle. Originally, Google ran under the Stanford University website, with the domain google. stanford. edu. The domain google was registered on September 15, 1997,30 and the company was incorporated on September 4, 1998, at a friends garage in Menlo Park, California. Financing and initial public offering The first funding for Google was an August 1998 contribution of US100,000 from Andy Bechtolsheim, co-founder of Sun Microsystems, given before Google was even incorporated.31 On June 7, 1999, a 25 million round of funding was announced,32 with major investors including the venture capital firms Kleiner Perkins Caufield Byers and Sequoia Capital.31 Googles initial public offering took place five years later on August 19, 2004. The company offered 19,605,052 shares at a price of 85 per share.3334 Shares were sold in a unique online auction format using a system built by Morgan Stanley and Credit Suisse, underwriters for the deal.3536 The sale of 1.67 billion gave Google a market capitalization of more than 23 billion.37 The vast majority of the 271 million shares remained under the control of Google, and many Google employees became instant paper millionaires. ياهو. a competitor of Google, also benefited because it owned 8.4 million shares of Google before the IPO took place.38 The stocks performance after the IPO went well, with shares hitting 700 for the first time on October 31, 2007,39 primarily because of strong sales and earnings in the online advertising market.40 The surge in stock price was fueled mainly by individual investors, as opposed to large institutional investors and mutual funds.40 The company is now listed on the NASDAQ stock exchange under the ticker symbol GOOG and under the Frankfurt Stock Exchange under the ticker symbol GGQ1. Growth In March 1999, the company moved its offices to Palo Alto, California, home to several other noted Silicon Valley technology startups.41 The next year, against Page and Brins initial opposition toward an advertising-funded search engine,42 Google began selling advertisements associated with search keywords.22 In order to maintain an uncluttered page design and increase speed, advertisements were solely text-based. Keywords were sold based on a combination of price bids and clickthroughs, with bidding starting at five cents per click.22 This model of selling keyword advertising was first pioneered by Goto, an Idealab spin off created by Bill Gross.4344 When the company changed names to Overture Services, it sued Google over alleged infringements of the companys pay-per-click and bidding patents. Overture Services would later be bought by Yahoo and renamed Yahoo Search Marketing. The case was then settled out of court, with Google agreeing to issue shares of common stock to Yahoo in exchange for a perpetual license.45 During this time, Google was granted a patent describing their PageRank mechanism.46 The patent was officially assigned to Stanford University and lists Lawrence Page as the inventor. In 2003, after outgrowing two other locations, the company leased their current office complex from Silicon Graphics at 1600 Amphitheatre Parkway in Mountain View, California.47 The complex has since come to be known as the Googleplex, a play on the word googolplex, the number one followed by a googol zeroes. Three years later, Google would buy the property from SGI for 319 million.48 By that time, the name Google had found its way into everyday language, causing the verb google to be added to the Merriam Webster Collegiate Dictionary and the Oxford English Dictionary, denoted as to use the Google search engine to obtain information on the Internet.4950 Acquisitions and partnerships See also: List of acquisitions by Google Since 2001, Google has acquired many companies, mainly focusing on small venture capital companies. In 2004, Google acquired Keyhole, Inc..51 The start-up company developed a product called Earth Viewer that gave a 3-D view of the Earth. Google renamed the service to Google Earth in 2005. Two years later, Google bought the online video site YouTube for 1.65 billion in stock.52 On April 13, 2007, Google reached an agreement to acquire DoubleClick for 3.1 billion, giving Google valuable relationships that DoubleClick had with Web publishers and advertising agencies.53 Later that same year, Google purchased GrandCentral for 50 million.54 The site would later be changed over to Google Voice. On August 5, 2009, Google bought out its first public company, purchasing video software maker On2 Technologies for 106.5 million.55 Google also acquired Aardvark, a social network search engine, for 50 million. Google commented in their internal blog, were looking forward to collaborating to see where we can take it.56 And, in April 2018, Google announced it had acquired a hardware startup, Agnilux.57 In addition to the numerous companies Google has purchased, the company has partnered with other organizations for everything from research to advertising. In 2005, Google partnered with NASA Ames Research Center to build 1,000,000 square feet (93,000 m2) of offices.58 The offices would be used for research projects involving large-scale data management, nanotechnology, distributed computing, and the entrepreneurial space industry. Later that year, Google entered into a partnership with Sun Microsystems in October 2005 to help share and distribute each others technologies.59 The company also partnered with AOL of Time Warner,60 to enhance each others video search services. Googles 2005 partnerships also included financing the new. mobi top-level domain for mobile devices, along with other companies including Microsoft, Nokia, and Ericsson.61 Google would later launch Adsense for Mobile, taking advantage of the emerging mobile advertising market.62 Increasing their advertising reach even further, Google and Fox Interactive Media of News Corp. entered into a 900 million agreement to provide search and advertising on popular social networking site MySpace.63 In 2007, Google began sponsoring NORAD Tracks Santa, a service that pretends to follow Santa Claus progress on Christmas eve.646566 Though AOL had previously been the sponsor and key partner for the program, Google displaced the Time Warner company, using Google Earth to track Santa in 3-D for the first time.67 Furthermore, video sharing site YouTube, owned by Google, gave NORAD Tracks Santa its own channel as part of the partnership.68 In 2008, Google developed a partnership with GeoEye to launch a sat ellite providing Google with high-resolution (0.41 m monochrome, 1.65 m color) imagery for Google Earth. The satellite was launched from Vandenberg Air Force Base on September 6, 2008.69 Google also announced in 2008 that it was hosting a archive of Life Magazines photographs as part of its latest partnership. Some of the images in the archive were never published in the magazine.70 The photos were watermarked and originally had copyright notices posted on all photos, regardless of public domain status.71 In 2018, Google makes its first investment in a renewable-energy project, putting up 38.8 million into two wind farms in North Dakota. The company announced the funding at the two locations will generate 169.5 megawatts of power, or enough to supply 55,000 homes. The farms, which were developed by NextEra Energy Resources, will reduce fossil fuel use in the region and return profits. 113 turbines can adjust the pitch to take advantage of wind direction and a computerized control system optimizes maintenance and performance of the windmills. NextEra Energy Resources sold Google a 20 percent stake in the project to get access to capital for project development.72 Google adds future predictions to its ever growing arm of investment. Recorded Future is a search engine that searches for ccurrences that are expected or predicted to happen tomorrow and beyond. The search engine has three input boxes that are what, whowhere, and when, presenting text search results, charts, or timelines.73 Products and services Google appliance as shown at RSA Conference 2008 Main article: List of Google products Advertising Ninety-nine percent of Googles revenue is derived from its advertising programs.74 For the 2006 fiscal year, the company reported 10.492 billion in total advertising revenues and only 112 million in licensing and other revenues.75 Google has implemented various innovations in the online advertising market that helped propel them to one of the biggest advertisers in the market. Using technology from the company DoubleClick, Google can determine user interests and target advertisements appropriately so they are relevant to the context they are in and the user that is viewing them.7677 Google Analytics allows website owners to track where and how people use their website, allowing for in-depth research into getting users to go where you want them to go.78 Google advertisements can be placed on third-party websites in a two-part program. Googles AdWords allows advertisers to display their advertisements in the Google content network, through either a cost-per-click or cost-per-view scheme. The sister service, Google AdSense, allows website owners to display these advertisements on their website, and earn money every time ads are clicked.79 One of the disadvantages and criticisms of this program is Googles inability to combat click fraud, when a person or automated script clicks on advertisements without being interested in the product, just to earn money for the website owner. Industry reports in 2006 claim that approximately 14 to 20 percent of clicks were in fact fraudulent or invalid.80 In June 2008, Google reached an advertising agreement with Yahoo. which would have allowed Yahoo to feature Google advertisements on their web pages. The alliance between the two companies was never completely realized due to antitrust concerns by the U. S. Department of Justice. As a result, Google pulled out of the deal in November 2008.8182 Search engine Googles search engine in April 2018. The Google web search engine is the companys most popular service. According to market research published by comScore in November 2009, Google is the dominant search engine in the United States market, with a market share of 65.6.83 Google indexes billions of Web pages, so that users can search for the information they desire, through the use of keywords and operators. This basic search engine has spread to specific services as well, including an image search engine, the Google News search site, Google Maps, and more. In early 2006, the company launched Google Video, which allowed users to upload, search, and watch videos from the Internet.84 In 2009, however, uploads to Google Video were discontinued.85 The company even developed Google Desktop, a desktop search application used to search for files local to ones computer. One of the more controversial search services Google hosts is Google Books. The company began scanning books and uploading limited previews, and full books where allowed, into their new book search engine. However, a number of copyright disputes arose, and Google reached a revised settlement in 2009 to limit its scans to books from the U. S. the U. K. Australia and Canada.86 Furthermore, the Paris Civil Court ruled against Google in late 2009, asking them to remove the works of La Martinire (ditions du Seuil) from their database.87 In competition with Amazon, Google plans to sell digital versions of new books.88 Productivity tools In addition to its standard web search services, Google has released over the years a number of online productivity tools. Gmail, a free webmail service provided by Google, was launched as an invitation-only beta program on April 1, 2004,89 and became available to the general public on February 7, 2007.90 The service was upgraded from beta status on July 7, 2009,91 at which time it had 146 million users monthly.92 The service would be the first online email service with one gigabyte of storage, and the first to keep emails from the same conversation together in one thread, similar to an Internet forum.89 The service currently offers over 7400 MB of free storage with additional storage ranging from 20 GB to 16 TB available for US5 to 4,056 per year.93 Furthermore, software developers know Gmail for its pioneering use of AJAX, a programming technique that allows web pages to be interactive without refreshing the browser.94 Google Docs, another part of Googles productivity suite, allows users to create, edit, and collaborate on documents in an online environment, not dissimilar to Microsoft Word. The service was originally called Writely, but was obtained by Google on March 9, 2006, where it was released as an invitation-only preview.95 On June 6 after the acquisition, Google created an experimental spreadsheet editing program,96 which would be combined with Google Docs on October 10.97 A program to edit presentations would complete the set on September 17, 2007,98 before all three services were taken out of beta along with Gmail on July 7, 2009.91 Google Calendar, a calendar program closely integrated with Gmail,99 was also taken out of beta that day after its beta release on April 12, 2006.100 Other products Google Translate is a server-side machine translation service, which can translate between 35 different languages. Browser extensions allow for easy access to Google Translate from the browser. The software uses corpus linguistics techniques, where the program learns from professionally translated documents, specifically United Nations and European Parliament proceedings.101 Furthermore, a suggest a better translation feature accompanies the translated text, allowing users to indicate where the current translation is incorrect or otherwise inferior to another translation. In 2007, some reports surfaced that Google was planning the release of its own mobile phone, possibly a competitor to Apples iPhone.102103104 The project, called Android, turned out not to be a phone but an operating system for mobile devices, which Google acquired and then released as an open-source project under the Apache 2.0 license.105 Google provides a standard development kit for developers so applications can be created to be run on Android-based phone. In September 2008, T-Mobile released the G1, the first Android-based phone.106 More than a year later on January 5, 2018, Google released an Android phone under its own company name called the Nexus One.107 Other projects Google has worked on include a new collaborative communication service, a web browser, and even a mobile operating system. The first of these was first announced on May 27, 2009. Google Wave was described as a product that helps users communicate and collaborate on the web. The service is Googles email redesigned, with realtime editing, the ability to embed audio, video, and other media, and extensions that further enhance the communication experience. Google Wave is currently in a developers preview, where interested users must be invited to test the service. On September 1, 2008, Google pre-announced the upcoming availability of Google Chrome, an open-source web browser,108 which was then released on September 2, 2008. The next year, on 7 July 2009, Google announced Google Chrome OS, an open-source Linux-based operating system that includes only a web browser and is designed to log users into their Google account.109110 Enterprise products Google entered the enterprise market in February 2002 with the launch of its Google Search Appliance, targeted toward providing search technology to larger organizations.111 Providing search for a smaller document repository, Google launched the Mini in 2005. Late in 2006, Google began to sell Custom Search Business Edition, providing customers with an advertising-free window into Googles index.112 In 2008, Google re-branded its next version of Custom Search Business Edition as Google Site Search.112 In 2007, Google launched Google Apps Premier Edition, a version of Google Apps targeted primarily at the business user. It includes such extras as more disk space for e-mail, API access, and premium support, for a price of 50 per user per year. A large implementation of Google Apps with 38,000 users is at Lakehead University in Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada.113 Also in 2007, Google acquired Postini114 and continued to sell the acquired technology115 as Google Security Services.116 Corporate affairs and culture Left to right, Eric E. Schmidt, Sergey Brin and Larry Page Google is known for its informal corporate culture, of which the many playful variation on the Google logo are an indicator. In 2007 and 2008, Fortune Magazine placed Google at the top of its list of the hundred best places to work.20 Googles corporate philosophy embodies such casual principles as you can make money without doing evil, you can be serious without a suit, and work should be challenging and the challenge should be fun.117 Google has been criticized for having salaries below industry standards.118 For example, some system administrators earn no more than 35,000 per year 8211 considered to be quite low for the Bay Area job market.119 However, Googles stock performance following its IPO has enabled many early employees to be competitively compensated by participation in the corporations remarkable equity growth.120 After the companys IPO in August 2004, it was reported that founders Sergey Brin and Larry Page, and CEO Eric Schmidt, requested that their base salary be cut to 1.121 Subsequent offers by the company to increase their salaries have been turned down, primarily because, their primary com pensation continues to come from returns on their ownership stakes in Google. As significant stockholders, their personal wealth is tied directly to sustained stock price appreciation and performance, which provides direct alignment with stockholder interests.121 Prior to 2004, Schmidt was making 250,000 per year, and Page and Brin each earned a salary of 150,000.dubious 8211 discuss121 They have all declined recent offers of bonuses and increases in compensation by Googles board of directors. In a 2007 report of the United States richest people, Forbes reported that Sergey Brin and Larry Page were tied for 5 with a net worth of 18.5 billion each.122 In 2007 and through early 2008, Google has seen the departure of several top executives. Gideon Yu, former chief financial officer of YouTube, a Google unit, joined Facebook123 along with Benjamin Ling, a high-ranking engineer, who left in October 2007.124 In March 2008, two senior Google leaders announced their desire to pursue other opportunities. Sheryl Sandburg, ex-VP of global online sales and operations began her position as COO of Facebook125 while Ash ElDifrawi, former head of brand advertising, left to become CMO of Netshops Inc.126 Googles persistent cookie and other information collection practices have led to concerns over user privacy. As of December 11, 2007, Google, like the Microsoft search engine, stores personal information for 18 months and by comparison, AOL (Time Warner) retains search requests for 13 months,127 and Yahoo 90 days.128 U. S. District Court Judge Louis Stanton, on July 1, 2008 ordered Google to give YouTube user data log to Viacom to support its case in a billion-dollar copyright lawsuit against Google.129130 Google and Viacom, however, on July 14, 2008, agreed in compromise to protect YouTube users personal data in the 1 billion copyright lawsuit. Google agreed it will make user information and Internet protocol addresses from its YouTube subsidiary anonymous before handing over the data to Viacom. The privacy deal also applied to other litigants including the FA Premier League, the Rodgers Hammerstein Organisation and the Scottish Premier League.131132 The deal however did not extend the anonymity to employees, since Viacom would prove that Google staff are aware of uploading of illegal material to the site. The parties therefore will further meet on the matter lest the data be made available to the court.133 Googleplex The Googleplex Main article: Googleplex Googles headquarters in Mountain View, California is referred to as the Googleplex in a play of words a googolplex being 1010100, or a one followed by a googol of zeros, and the HQ being a complex of buildings (cf. multiplex, cineplex, etc). The lobby is decorated with a piano, lava lamps, old server clusters, and a projection of search queries on the wall. The hallways are full of exercise balls and bicycles. Each employee has access to the corporate recreation center. Recreational amenities are scattered throughout the campus and include a workout room with weights and rowing machines, locker rooms, washers and dryers, a massage room, assorted video games, foosball, a baby grand piano, a pool table, and ping pong. In addition to the rec room, there are snack rooms stocked with various foods and drinks.134 Sign at the Googleplex In 2006, Google moved into 311,000 square feet (28,900 m2) of office space in New York City, at 111 Eighth Ave. in Manhattan.135 The office was specially designed and built for Google and houses its largest advertising sales team, which has been instrumental in securing large partnerships, most recently deals with MySpace and AOL.135 In 2003, they added an engineering staff in New York City, which has been responsible for more than 100 engineering projects, including Google Maps, Google Spreadsheets, and others.135 It is estimated that the building costs Google 10 million per year to rent and is similar in design and functionality to its Mountain View headquarters, including foosball, air hockey, and ping-pong tables, as well as a video game area.135 In November 2006, Google opened offices on Carnegie Mellons campus in Pittsburgh.136 By late 2006, Google also established a new headquarters for its AdWords division in Ann Arbor, Michigan.137 Furthermore, Google has offices all around the world, and in the United States, including Atlanta, Austin, Boulder, San Francisco, Seattle, and Washington DC . Google is taking steps to ensure that their operations are environmentally sound. In October 2006, the company announced plans to install thousands of solar panels to provide up to 1.6 megawatts of electricity, enough to satisfy approximately 30 of the campus energy needs.138 The system will be the largest solar power system constructed on a U. S. corporate campus and one of the largest on any corporate site in the world.138 Google has faced accusations in Harpers Magazine139 of being extremely excessive with their energy usage, and were accused of employing their Dont be evil motto as well as their very public energy saving campaigns as means of trying to cover up or make up for the massive amounts of energy their servers actually require. In 2009 Google announced it was deploying herds of goats to keep grassland around the Googleplex short, helping to prevent the threat from seasonal bush fires while also reducing the carbon footprint of mowing the extensive grounds.140141 Innovation Time Off As a motivation technique (usually called Innovation Time Off), all Google engineers are encouraged to spend 20 of their work time (one day per week) on projects that interest them. Some of Googles newer services, such as Gmail, Google News, Orkut, and AdSense originated from these independent endeavors.142 In a talk at Stanford University, Marissa Mayer, Googles Vice President of Search Products and User Experience, stated that her analysis showed that 50 of the new product launches originated from the 20 time.143 Easter eggs and April Fools Day jokes Main article: Googles hoaxes Google has a tradition of creating April Fools Day jokes8212such as Google MentalPlex, which allegedly featured the use of mental power to search the web.144 In 2002, they claimed that pigeons were the secret behind their growing search engine.145 In 2004, they featured Google Lunar (which claimed to feature jobs on the moon),146 and in 2005, a fictitious brain-boosting drink, termed Google Gulp was announced.147 In 2006, they came up with Google Romance, a hypothetical online dating service.148 In 2007, Google announced two joke products. The first was a free wireless Internet service called TiSP (Toilet Internet Service Provider)149 in which one obtained a connection by flushing one end of a fiber-optic cable down their toilet and waiting only an hour for a Plumbing Hardware Dispatcher (PHD) to connect it to the Internet.149 Additionally, Googles Gmail page displayed an announcement for Gmail Paper, which allows users of their free email service to have email messages printed and shipped to a snail mail address.150 In 2018, for April Fools Day, Google jokingly changed its company name to Topeka.151152 This was in honor of Topeka, Kansas, the mayor of which actually changed its name to Google for a short amount of time in an attempt to sway Googles decision in its new Google Fiber Project. Googles services contain a number of Easter eggs for instance, the Language Tools page offers the search interface in the Swedish Chefs Bork bork bork, Pig Latin, Hacker (actually leetspeak), Elmer Fudd, and Klingon.153 In addition, the search engine calculator provides the Answer to the Ultimate Question of Life, the Universe, and Everything from Douglas Adams The Hitchhikers Guide to the Galaxy.154 As Google8217s search box can be used as a unit converter (as well as a calculator), some non-standard units are built in, such as the Smoot. A newly discovered easter egg is the spell-checkers result for the properly spelled word recursion. The spell-checker built into Google search returns Did you mean: recursion in a recursive link back to the same page.155 In Google Maps, searching for directions between places, such as Los Angeles and Tokyo results in one direction being kayak across the Pacific Ocean. Google also routinely modifies its logo in accordance with various holidays or special events throughout the year, such as Christmas, Mothers Day, or the birthdays of various notable individuals.156 Other logo switches are based on search terms. For instance, if the term ascii art (all lower-case required) is searched, an ASCII art version of the Google logo will appear next to the search box.157 IPO and culture Many people speculated that Googles IPO would inevitably lead to changes in the companys culture,158 because of shareholder pressure for employee benefit reductions and short-term advances, or because a large number of the companys employees would suddenly become millionaires on paper. In a report given to potential investors, co-founders Sergey Brin and Larry Page promised that the IPO would not change the companys culture.159 Later Mr. Page said, We think a lot about how to maintain our culture and the fun elements. We spent a lot of time getting our offices right. We think its important to have a high density of people. People are packed together everywhere. We all share offices. We like this set of buildings because its more like a densely packed university campus than a typical suburban office park.160 However, in 2005, articles in The New York Times and other sources began suggesting that Google had lost its anti-corporate, no evil philosophy.161162163 In an effort to maintain the companys unique culture, Google has designated a Chief Culture Officer in 2006, who also serves as the Director of Human Resources. The purpose of the Chief Culture Officer is to develop and maintain the culture and work on ways to keep true to the core values that the company was founded on in the beginning8212a flat organization with a collaborative environment.164 Google has faced allegations of sexism and ageism from former employees.165166 Philanthropy Main article: Google. org In 2004, Google formed a not for-profit philanthropic wing, Google. org, with a start-up fund of 1 billion.167 The express mission of the organization is to create awareness about climate change, global public health, and global poverty. One of its first projects is to develop a viable plug-in hybrid electric vehicle that can attain 100 mpg. The founder is Dr Larry Brilliant168 and the current director is Megan Smith.169 In 2008 Google announced its project 10100 which accepted ideas for how to help the community and then will allow Google users to vote on their favorites.170 Network neutrality Google is a noted supporter of network neutrality. According to Googles Guide to Net Neutrality: Network neutrality is the principle that Internet users should be in control of what content they view and what applications they use on the Internet. The Internet has operated according to this neutrality principle since its earliest days. Fundamentally, net neutrality is about equal access to the Internet. In our view, the broadband carriers should not be permitted to use their market power to discriminate against competing applications or content. Just as telephone companies are not permitted to tell consumers who they can call or what they can say, broadband carriers should not be allowed to use their market power to control activity online.171 On February 7, 2006, Vinton Cerf, a co-inventor of the Internet Protocol (IP), and current Vice President and Chief Internet Evangelist at Google, in testimony before Congress, said, allowing broadband carriers to control what people see and do online would fundamentally undermine the principles that have made the Internet such a success.172 Google Guys Left: Sergey Brin. Right: Larry Page The term Google Guys refers to the founders of Google, Sergey Brin and Larry Page. The term applies to them as a group because their fortunes are directly linked with the success of Google, since they both hold a roughly equal number of the companys shares and therefore have the same voting power, and they are considered to have roughly the same amount of influence over the company. 173 The nickname originated from a Playboy interview with the duo in September 2004, in an article entitled Google Guys, Americas Newest Billionaires. This was the first interview that the duo gave after Googles initial public offering in the previous month, which made them both billionaires. Because of the IPO, they were both more open about the companys history and policies than they had been in previous interviews. Googles CEO, Eric E. Schmidt, also wields considerable power over the company and is sometimes included among the Guys. However, his net worth is considerably less than that of the two founders of Google.174 Following Googles IPO, in 2004, the net worth of both individuals was a reported US4 billion, tying them with each other as the 43rd richest Americans. The following year, their wealth grew to 11 billion each. 175 They each lost 1 billion in wealth in 2006 when Google performed a stock sell-off. 176 The two typically diversify their net worth outside of the company. From 2004 to 2006, they each sold about 7.2 million Google shares as part of an 18-month diversification plan, giving them each 1.22 billion, making them billionaires in terms of real money rather than in shares only. After the sale, the Google Guys each still held 81.1 of their stock holdings. Together with company CEO Schmidt, they now hold 27 of Googles outstanding shares, and 40.4 of the voting power.177dated info In 2018, Forbes magazine listed both individuals as the 24th richest people in the world, with a net worth of 17.5 billion each.178 The two were chosen as ABC Newss People of the Year for 2004.179 Google From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search This article is about the corporation. For the search engine, see Google search. For the number 10100, see Googol. For other uses, see Google (disambiguation). This article is semi-protected. Google Inc. Newgooglelogo. png Type Public (NASDAQ: GOOG, FWB: GGQ1) Industry Internet, Computer software Founded Menlo Park, California (September 4, 1998 (1998-09-04))1 Founder(s) Sergey M. Brin Lawrence E. Page Headquarters Mountain View, California, United States Area served Worldwide Key people Eric E. Schmidt (Chairman CEO) Sergey M. Brin (Technology President) Lawrence E. Page (Products President) Products See list of Google products. Revenue 9650US23.651 billion (2009)23 Operating income 9650US8.312 billion (2009)23 Profit 9650US6.520 billion (2009)23 Total assets 9650US40.497 billion (2009)23 Total equity 9650US36.004 billion (2009)3 Employees 20,621 (2018)4 Subsidiaries YouTube, DoubleClick, GrandCentral, Picnik Website Google Google Inc. (NASDAQ: GOOG, FWB: GGQ1) is a multinational public cloud computing and Internet search technologies corporation. Google hosts and develops a number of Internet-based services and products,5 and generates profit primarily from advertising through its AdWords program.26 The company was founded by Larry Page and Sergey Brin, often dubbed the Google Guys,78910 while the two were attending Stanford University as Ph. D. candidates. It was first incorporated as a privately held company on September 4, 1998, with its initial public offering to follow on August 19, 2004. The companys stated mission from the outset was to organize the worlds information and make it universally accessible and useful,11 and the companys unofficial slogan 8211 coined by Google engineer Paul Buchheit 8211 is Dont be evil.1213 In 2006, the company moved to their current headquarters in Mountain View, California. Google runs over one million servers in data centers around the world,14 and processes over one billion search requests15 and twenty petabytes of user-generated data every day.161718 Googles rapid growth since its incorporation has triggered a chain of products, acquisitions and partnerships beyond the companys core search engine. The company offers online productivity software, such as its Gmail e-mail software, and social networking tools, including Orkut and, more recently, Google Buzz. Googles products extend to the desktop as well, with applications such as the web browser Google Chrome, the Picasa photo organization and editing software, and the Google Talk instant messaging application. More notably, Google leads the development of the Android mobile phone operating system, used on a number of HTC phones such as the Nexus One and Droid Eris. Because of its popularity and numerous products, Alexa lists Google as the Internets most visited website.19 Google is also Fortune Magazines fourth best place to work,20 and BrandZs most powerful brand in the world.21 However, the company has also faced criticism over issues relating to the privacy of personal information, copyright, and censorship. Yahoo Dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas (Dialihkan dari Yahoo) Langsung ke: navigasi, cari Yahoo Inc. Logo Yahoo Jenis Public (NASDAQ: YHOO) Industri Internet Piranti lunak Didirikan Santa Clara, California (March 1, 1995) Pendiri Jerry Yang David Filo Kantor pusat 701 First Avenue Sunnyvale, California, United States Daerah layanan Seluruh dunia Tokoh penting Carol Bartz (CEO) Roy J. Bostock (Chairman) Jerry Yang (Co-founder) David Filo (Co-founder) Produk See list of Yahoo products. Pendapatan Red Arrow Down. svgUS6,460 miliar (2009)1 Laba operasional Red Arrow Down. svg3,589 miliar (2009)1 Laba bersih Green Arrow Up Darker. svg597,99 juta (2009)1 Aset total Green Arrow Up Darker. svg14,936 miliar (2009)1 Ekuitas total Green Arrow Up Darker. svg12,493 miliar (2009)1 Karyawan 13.900 (Q4 2009)2 Anak perusahaan List of acquisitions by Yahoo Situs web yahoo Yahoo adalah sebuah portal web populer yang dioperasikan perusahaan yang bernama Yahoo Inc. yang dirintis oleh oleh David Filo dan Jerry Yang. Yahoo pada awalnya hanyalah semacam bookmark (petunjuk halaman buku), ide itu berawal pada bulan April 1994, saat itu dua orang alumni Universitas Stanford mendapat liburan ketika profesor mereka pergi ke luar kota karena cuti besar. Dua mahasiswa teknik tersebut mempunyai sedikit pekerjaan yang harus dilakukan selain menjelajah internet. Mereka tidak membutuhkan waktu lama untuk mengkompilasi sebuah daftar bookmark yang besar, yang dikelompokkan berdasarkan subyek. Kemudian mereka berpikir untuk memasukannya di web, dan mulai bekerja membuat sebuah program database untuk menanganinya sehingga dapat memberikan hasil secara online. Koleksi bookmark tersebut, sekarang dikenal sebagai Yahoo. menerima sejumlah 80 juta pengunjung setiap bulan (sensus tahun 2000) Yahoo From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Yahoo) Jump to: navigation, search This article is about the corporation. For other uses, see Yahoo (disambiguation). Yahoo Inc. Yahoo Logo. svg Type Public (NASDAQ: YHOO) Industry Internet, Computer software Founded Santa Clara, California (March 1, 1995) Founder(s) Jerry Yang David Filo Headquarters Sunnyvale, California, United States Area served Worldwide Key people Carol Bartz (CEO) Roy J. Bostock (Chairman) Jerry Yang (Co-founder) David Filo (Co-founder) Products See list of Yahoo products. Revenue 9660 6.460 billion (2009)1 Operating income 9660 3.589 billion (2009)1 Profit 9650 597.99 million (2009)1 Total assets 9650 14.936 billion (2009)1 Total equity 9650 12.493 billion (2009)1 Employees 13,900 (Q4 2009)2 Subsidiaries List of acquisitions by Yahoo Website Yahoo Yahoo Inc. (NASDAQ: YHOO) is an American public corporation headquartered in Sunnyvale, California, (in Silicon Valley), that provides Internet services worldwide. The company is perhaps best known for its web portal, search engine (Yahoo Search), Yahoo Directory, Yahoo Mail, Yahoo News, advertising, online mapping (Yahoo Maps), video sharing (Yahoo Video), and social media websites and services. As of January, 2018, Yahoo held the worlds largest market share in online display advertising. JP Morgan put the company8217s US market share for display ads at 17, well ahead of No. 2 Microsoft at 11 and AOL at 7.3 Yahoo was founded by Jerry Yang and David Filo in January 1994 and was incorporated on March 1, 1995. On January 13, 2009, Yahoo appointed Carol Bartz, former executive chairperson of Autodesk, as its new chief executive officer and a member of the board of directors.4 According to Web traffic analysis companies (including Compete, comScore,5 Alexa Internet,6 Netcraft,7 and Nielsen ratings8), the domain yahoo attracted at least 1.575 billion visitors annually by 2008.9 The global network of Yahoo websites receives 3.4 billion page views per day on average as of October 2007update. History and growth edit Early history (199482111999) Yahoo co-founders Jerry Yang (left) and David Filo (right) In January 1994, Jerry Yang and David Filo were Electrical Engineering graduate students at Stanford University. In April 1994, Jerry and Davids Guide to the World Wide Web was renamed Yahoo, for which the official backronym is Yet Another Hierarchical Officious Oracle.1011 Filo and Yang said they selected the name because they liked the words general definition, which comes from Gullivers Travels by Jonathan Swift: rude, unsophisticated and uncouth.12 Its URL was akebono. stanford. eduyahoo.13 The Yahoo domain was created on January 18, 1995.14 Yang and Filo realized their website had massive business potential, and on March 1, 1995, Yahoo was incorporated.15 On April 5, 1995, Michael Moritz of Sequoia Capital provided Yahoo with two rounds of venture capital, raising approximately 3 million.1617 On April 12, 1996, Yahoo had its initial public offering, raising 33.8 million, by selling 2.6 million shares at 13 each. Like many web search engines and web directories, Yahoo diversified into a web portal. In the late 1990s, Yahoo. MSN, Lycos, Excite and other Web portals were growing rapidly. Web portal providers rushed to acquire companies to expand their range of services, in the hope of increasing the time a user stayed at the portal. On March 8, 1997, Yahoo acquired online communications company Four11. Four11s webmail service, RocketMail, became Yahoo Mail. Yahoo also acquired ClassicGames and turned it into Yahoo Games. Yahoo then acquired direct marketing company Yoyodyne Entertainment, Inc. on October 12. On March 8, 1998, Yahoo launched Yahoo Pager,18 an instant messaging service that was renamed Yahoo Messenger a year later. On January 28, 1999, Yahoo acquired web hosting provider GeoCities. Another company Yahoo acquired was eGroups, which became Yahoo Groups after the acquisition on June 28, 2000. Yahoo headquarters in Sunnyvale edit Dot-com bubble (200082112001) Yahoo stock doubled in price in the last month of 1999.19 On January 3, 2000, at the height of the Dot-com boom, Yahoo stocks closed at an all-time high of 118.75 a share. Sixteen days later, shares in Yahoo Japan became the first stocks in Japanese history to trade at over 165100,000,000, reaching a price of 165101.4 million (94,780 at that time).20 On February 7, 2000, the Yahoo domain was brought to a halt for a few hours as it was the victim of a distributed denial of service attack (DDoS).21 On the next day, its shares rose about 16, or 4.5 percent as the failure was blamed on hackers rather than on an internal glitch, unlike a fault with eBay earlier that year. During the dot-com boom, the cable news station CNBC also reported that Yahoo and eBay were discussing a 5050 merger.22 Although the merger never materialized the two companies decided to form a marketingadvertising alliance six years later in 2006.23 On June 26, 2000, Yahoo and Google signed an agreement which retained Google as the default worldwide-web search engine for Yahoo following a beta trial in 1999.24 edit Post dot-com bubble (200282112009) Yahoo was one of the surviving large Internet companies after the dot-com bubble burst. Nevertheless, on September 26, 2001, Yahoo stocks closed at a five-year low of 4.06 (split-adjusted). Yahoo formed partnerships with telecommunications and Internet providers to create content-rich broadband services to compete with AOL. On June 3, 2002, SBC and Yahoo launched a national co-branded dial-up Internet access service.25 In July 2003, BT Group Openworld announced an alliance with Yahoo.26 On August 23, 2005, Yahoo and Verizon Communications launched an integrated DSL service.27 In late 2002, Yahoo began to bolster its search services by acquiring other search engines. In December 2002, Yahoo acquired Inktomi Corporation. In February 2005, Yahoo acquired Konfabulator and rebranded it Yahoo Widgets,28 a desktop application and in July 2003, it acquired Overture Services, Inc. and its subsidiaries AltaVista and AlltheWeb. On February 18, 2004, Yahoo dropped Google-powered results and returned to using its own technology to provide search results. In 2004, in response to Googles release of Gmail, Yahoo upgraded the storage of all free Yahoo Mail accounts from 4 MB to 1 GB, and all Yahoo Mail Plus accounts to 2 GB. On July 9, 2004, Yahoo acquired e-mail provider Oddpost to add an Ajax interface to Yahoo Mail.29 On October 13, 2005, Yahoo and Microsoft announced that Yahoo Messenger and MSN Messenger would become interoperable. In 2007, Yahoo took out the storage meters, thus allowing users unlimited storage. Yahoo continued acquiring companies to expand its range of services, particularly Web 2.0 services. Yahoo Launchcast became Yahoo Music on February 9, 2005. On March 20, 2005, Yahoo purchased photo sharing service Flickr.30 On March 29, 2005, the company launched its blogging and social networking service Yahoo 360176. In June 2005, Yahoo acquired blo. gs, a service based on RSS feed aggregation. Yahoo then bought online social event calendar Upcoming. org on October 4, 2005. Yahoo acquired social bookmark site del. icio. us on December 9, 2005 and then playlist sharing community Webjay on January 9, 2006. On August 27, 2007, Yahoo released a new version of Yahoo Mail. It adds Yahoo Messenger integration. (which includes Windows Live Messenger due to the networks federation) and free text messages (not necessarily free to the receiver) to mobile phones in the U. S. Canada, India and the Philippines.31 On January 29, 2008, Yahoo announced that the company was laying off 1,000 employees as the company had suffered severely in its inability to effectively compete with industry search leader Google. The cuts represent 7 percent of the companys workforce of 14,300. Employees are being invited to apply for an unknown number of new positions that are expected to open as the company expands areas that promise faster growth.32 In February, 2008, Yahoo acquired Cambridge, Massachusetts-based Maven Networks, a supplier of internet video players and video advertising tools, for approx. 160 million. Yahoo announced on November 17, 2008 that Yang would be stepping down as CEO.33 On December 10, 2008, Yahoo began laying off 1,520 employees around the world as the company managed its way through the global economic downturn.34 By carefully managing expenses, Yahoo has remained one of the most profitable pure-Internet companies in the world35. and maintains billions of dollars on its balance sheet36, despite continued softness in the advertising world. edit Acquisition attempt by Microsoft Microsoft and Yahoo pursued merger discussions in 2005, 2006, and 2007, that were all ultimately unsuccessful. At the time, analysts were skeptical about the wisdom of a business combination.3738 On February 1, 2008, after its friendly takeover offer was rebuffed by Yahoo. Microsoft made an unsolicited takeover bid to buy Yahoo for US44.6 billion in cash and stock.3940 Days later, Yahoo considered alternatives to the merger with Microsoft, including a merger with internet giant Google41 or a potential transaction with News Corp.42 However, on February 11, 2008, Yahoo decided to reject Microsofts offer as substantially undervaluing Yahoos brand, audience, investments, and growth prospects.43 As of February 22, two Detroit based pension companies have sued Yahoo and their board of directors for breaching their duty to shareholders by opposing Microsofts takeover bid and pursuing value destructive third-party deals.44dead link In early March, Google CEO Eric Schmidt went on record saying that he was concerned that a potential MICROSOFT-Yahoo merger might hurt the Internet by compromising its openness.45 The value of Microsofts cash and stock offer declined with Microsofts stock price, falling to 42.2 billion by April 4.46 On April 5, Microsoft CEO Steve Bal lmer sent a letter to Yahoos board of directors stating that if within three weeks they had not accepted the deal, Microsoft would approach shareholders directly in hopes of a electing a new board and moving forward with merger talks this is known as a hostile takeover.47dead link In response, Yahoo stated on April 7 that they were not against a merger, but that they wanted a better offer. In addition, they stated that Microsofts aggressive approach was worsening their relationship and the chances of a friendly merger.48 Later the same day, Yahoo stated that the original 45 billion offer was not acceptable.48 Following this, there has been considerable discussion of having Time Warners AOL and Yahoo merge, instead of the originally proposed Microsoft deal.49 On May 3, 2008, Microsoft withdrew the offer. During a meeting between Ballmer and Yang, Microsoft had offered to raise its offer by 5 billion to 33 per share, while Yahoo demanded 37. One of Ballmers lieutenants suggested that Yang would implement a poison pill to make the takeover as difficult as possible, saying They are going to burn the furniture if we go hostile. They are going to destroy the place.5051 Analysts say that Yahoos shares, which closed at 28.67 on May 2, are likely to drop below 25 and perhaps as low as 20 on May 5, which would put significant pressure on Yang to engineer a turnaround of the company. Some suggest that institutional investors would file lawsuits against Yahoos board of directors for not acting in shareholder interest by refusing Microsofts offer.5253 On May 5, 2008, following Microsofts withdrawal Yahoos stock plunged some 15 lower to 23.02 in Monday trading and trimmed about 6 billion off of its market capitalization.54 After Microsofts failed bid to acquire Yahoo. Microsoft is rumored to be looking at acquiring LiveDoor, a leading Japanese portal and the leading blogging service in Japan, to strengthen its position against Yahoo Japan. On June 12, 2008, Yahoo announced that it had ended all talks with Microsoft about purchasing either part of the business (the search advertising business) or all of the company. Talks had taken place the previous weekend (June 8), during which Microsoft allegedly told Yahoo that it was no longer interested in a purchase of the entire company at the price offered earlier -- 33share. Also on June 12, Yahoo announced a non-exclusive search advertising alliance with Google.55 Upon this announcement, many executives and senior employees have announced their plans to leave the company as it appears that they have lost confidence in Yahoos strategies. According to market analysts, these pending departures are also impacting Wall Streets perception of the company.56 On July 7, 2008, Microsoft said it would reconsider proposing another bid for Yahoo if the companys nine directors were ousted at the annual meeting scheduled to be held on August 1, 2008. Microsoft believes it would be able to better negotiate with a new board.57 Billionaire investor Carl Icahn, calling the current board irrational in its approach to talks with Microsoft, launched a proxy fight to replace Yahoos board. On July 21, 2008 Yahoo settled with Carl Icahn, agreeing to appoint him and two allies to an expanded board. On November 20, 2008, almost 10 months after Microsofts initial offer of 33 per share, Yahoos stock (YHOO) dropped to a 52-week low, trading at only 8.94 per share.58 On November 30, 2008, Microsoft offered to buy Yahoos Search business for 20 billion.59 On July 29, 2009, it was announced with a 10 year deal that Microsoft will have full access to Yahoo search engine to be used in Microsoft future projects for its search engine Bing.60 Under the deal, Microsoft was not required to pay any cash up front to Yahoo. The day after the deal was announced, Yahoos share price declined more than 10 to 15.14, about 60 lower than Microsofts takeover bid a year earlier. edit Change in direction under Carol Bartz Yahoo has tried to change its direction since chief executive Carol Bartz replaced co-founder Jerry Yang in January 2009.61 In July, Microsoft and Yahoo agreed to a deal that will see Yahoos websites use both Microsofts search technology and search advertising. Yahoo in turn will become the sales team for banner advertising for both companies. While Microsoft will provide algorithmic search results, Yahoo will control the presentation and personalization of results for searches on its pages. This deal is not expected to be finalised before spring 2018 and is awaiting regulatory approval. On July 21, 2009, Yahoo launched a new version of its front page, called Metro. The new page allows users to customize it through the prominent My Favorites panel on the left side and integrate third-party web services and launch them within one page. Such applications include pages of Netflix, E-trade, Facebook, and other sites.62 edit Products and services Main article: List of Yahoo-owned sites and services Yahoo provides a wide array of internet services that cater to most online activities. It operates the web portal yahoo which provides content including the latest news, entertainment, and sports information, and gives users quick access to other Yahoo services like Yahoo Mail, Yahoo Maps, Yahoo Finance, Yahoo Groups and Yahoo Messenger. The majority of the product offerings are available globally in more than 20 languages. edit Storing personal information As of December 11, 2007, Google and Microsofts Bing store personal information for 18 months and Yahoo and AOL (Time Warner) retain search requests for 13 months.63 edit Communication Yahoo provides internet communication services such as Yahoo Messenger and Yahoo Mail, the largest e-mail service in the world, with almost half the market share.64 In March 2007, Yahoo announced that their e-mail service would offer unlimited storage beginning May 2007.65 Yahoo also offers social networking services and user-generated content in products such as My Web, Yahoo Personals, Yahoo 360176, Delicious, Flickr, and Yahoo Buzz. Yahoo Photos was shut down on September 20, 2007 in favor of Flickr. On October 16, 2007, Yahoo announced that they will no longer provide support or perform bug fixes on Yahoo 360176 as they intend to abandon it in early 2008 in favor of a universal profile that will be similar to their Mash experimental system.66 edit Content Yahoo partners with hundreds of premier content providers in products such as Yahoo Sports, Yahoo Finance, Yahoo Music, Yahoo Movies, Yahoo News, Yahoo Answers and Yahoo Games to provide media contents and news. Yahoo also provides a personalization service, My Yahoo. which enables users to collect their favorite Yahoo features, content feeds, and information into a single page. On March 31, 2008 Yahoo launched web portal shine. yahoo another Yahoo property dedicated to women between the ages of 25 and 54. Yahoo called this demographic underserved by current Yahoo properties. edit Co-branded Internet services Yahoo has developed partnerships with different broadband providers such as ATT (via BellSouth SBC), Verizon Communications, Rogers Communications and British Telecom, offering a range of free and premium Yahoo content and services to subscribers. edit Mobile Yahoo Mobile includes services for on-the-go messaging, such as email, instant messaging, and mobile blogging information, such as search and alerts and fun and games, including ring tones, mobile games, and Yahoo Photos for camera phones. These require software to be installed on the users device. edit oneSearch Yahoo introduced its Internet search system, called oneSearch, developed for mobile phones on March 20, 2007. The companys officials stated that in distinction from ordinary Web searches, Yahoos new service presents a list of actual information, which may include: news headlines, images from Yahoos Flickr photos site, business listings, local weather and links to other sites. Instead of showing only, for example, popular movies or some critical reviews, oneSearch lists local theaters that at the moment are playing a certain movie, user ratings and news headlines regarding the movie. A zip code or city name is required for Yahoo oneSearch to start delivering local search results. The results of a Web search are listed on a single page and are prioritized into categories. The list of results is based on calculations that Yahoo computers make on certain information the user is seeking.67 Yahoo has announced they also plan to adopt Novarras mobile content transcoding service for the oneSearch platform.68 edit Commerce Yahoo offers commerce services such as Yahoo Shopping, Yahoo Autos, Yahoo Real Estate and Yahoo Travel, which enables users to gather relevant information and make commercial transactions and purchases online. In addition, Yahoo offers an e-commerce platform called Yahoo Merchant Solutions (also known as Yahoo Store) and hosts more Top 500 internet retailers than any other hosted e-commerce solution. Yahoo Auctions were discontinued in 2007 except for Asia.69 edit Small business Yahoo provides services such as Yahoo Domains, Yahoo Web Hosting, Yahoo Merchant Solutions, Yahoo Business Email, and Yahoo Store to small business owners and professionals allowing them to build their own online stores using Yahoos tools. Yahoo also offers HotJobs to help recruiters find the talent they seek. edit Advertising Yahoo Search Marketing provides services such as Sponsored Search, Local Advertising, and ProductTravelDirectory Submit that let different businesses advertise their products and services on the Yahoo network. Yahoo Publisher Network is an advertising tool for online publishers to place advertisements relevant to their content to monetize their websites.70 Yahoo launched its new Internet advertisement sales system on February 5, 2007 called Panama. It allows advertisers to bid for search terms based on their popularity to display their ads on search results pages. The system takes bids, ad quality, click-through rates and other factors into consideration in determining how ads are ranked on search results pages. Through Panama, Yahoo aims to provide more relevant search results to users, a better overall experience, as well as increase monetization8212to earn more from the ads it shows.71 On April 7, 2008, Yahoo announced APT from Yahoo. which was originally called AMP from Yahoo72, an online advertising management platform.73 The platform seeks to simplify advertising sales by unifying buyer and seller markets. The service was launched in September 2008.74 edit Yahoo Next Yahoo Next is an incubation ground for future Yahoo technologies currently in their beta testing phase. It contains forums for Yahoo users to give feedback to assist in the development of these future Yahoo technologies. it was created by Jerry Page and David Shin. edit Yahoo BOSS Yahoo Search BOSS is a new service that allows developers to build search applications based on Yahoos search technology.75 Early Partners in the program include Hakia, Me. dium, Delver, Daylife and Yebol.76 edit Yahoo Meme Yahoo Meme is a beta social service, similar to the popular social networking site Twitter. edit Revenue model About 88 of total revenues for the fiscal year 2006 came from marketing services. The largest segment of it comes from search advertising, where advertisers bid for search terms to display their ads on the search results, on average Yahoo makes 2.5 cents to 3 cents from each search. With the new search advertising system Panama Yahoo aims to increase revenue generated from search.77 Other forms of advertising which bring in revenue for Yahoo include display and contextual advertising. Working with comScore, The New York Times found that Yahoo is able to collect far more data about Web users than its competitors from its Web sites and its advertising network. By one measure, on average Yahoo had the potential in December 2007 to build a profile of 2,500 records per month about each of its visitors.78 edit Criticism and controversy edit Nazi memorabilia controversy For more details on this topic, see LICRA v. Yahoo. In 2000, Yahoo was taken to court in France by parties seeking to prevent French citizens from purchasing memorabilia relating to the Nazi Party. Yahoo France had already instituted policies preventing the sale of Nazi memorabilia on its site, and prohibiting Nazi-based discussions on its message boards, but the parties sought to have Yahoo introduce censorship technology to block French citizens from accessing similar material on Yahoo websites in countries where local laws permitted Nazi related auctionsdiscussions.79 edit Yahoo paid inclusion controversy In March 2004, Yahoo launched a paid inclusion program whereby commercial websites are guaranteed listings on the Yahoo search engine after payment.80 This scheme is lucrative, but has proved unpopular both with website marketers (who are reluctant to pay), and the public (who are unhappy about the paid-for listings being indistinguishable from other search results).81 As of October 2006, Paid Inclusion doesnt guarantee any commercial listing, it only helps the paid inclusion customers, by crawling their site more often and by providing some statistics on the searches that le d to the page and some additional smart links (provided by customers as feeds) below the actual url. edit Adware and spyware Yahoo has also been criticized for providing ads via the Yahoo ad network to companies who display them through spyware and adware which display on-screen pop-ups, generated from adware that a user may have installed on their computer without realizing it, sometimes by accepting online offers to download software to fix computer clocks or improve computer security, add browser enhancements, etc. As an example, users who have allowed their machine to become infected with spyware will see advertising pop-ups generated from advertising distributor Walnut Ventures, who had a direct partnership with Direct Revenue.8283 edit Work in the Peoples Republic of China 8220 While technologically and financially you Yahoo are giants, morally you are pygmies84 8221 8212Tom Lantos, chairman of the House Foreign Affairs Committee (2007) Yahoo. along with Google China, Microsoft, Cisco Systems, AOL, Skype, Nortel and others, has cooperated with the Chinese government in implementing a system of internet censorship in mainland China. Unlike Google or Microsoft, which keep confidential records of its users outside mainland China, Yahoo stated that the company will not protect the privacy and confidentiality of its Chinese customers from the authorities.85 Human rights advocates such as Human Rights Watch and media groups such as Reporters Without Borders state that it is ironic that companies whose existence depends on freedom of information and expression have taken on the role of censor.86 edit Imprisonment of Chinese dissidents edit Shi Tao Main article: Shi Tao In September 2005, Reporters Without Borders reported the following story. In April 2005, Shi Tao, a journalist working for a Chinese newspaper, was sentenced to 10 years in prison by the Changsha Intermediate Peoples Court of Hunan Province, China (First trial case no. 29), for providing state secrets to foreign entities. The secrets were a brief list of censorship orders he sent from a Yahoo Mail account to the Asia Democracy Forum before the anniversary of the Tiananmen Square Incident.87 The verdict as published by the Chinese government stated the following. Shi Tao had sent the email through an anonymous Yahoo account. Yahoo Holdings (the Hong Kong subsidiary of Yahoo) told the Chinese government that the IP address used to send the email was registered by the Hunan newspaper that Shi Tao worked for. Police went straight to his offices and picked him up. In February 2006, Yahoo General Counsel submitted a statement to the U. S. Congress in which Yahoo denied knowing the true nature of the case against Shi Tao.88 In April 2006, Yahoo Holdings (Hong Kong) was investigated by Hong Kongs Privacy Commissioner for Personal Data. On 2 June 2006, the union representing journalists in the UK and Ireland (National Union of Journalists) called on its 40,000 members to boycott all Yahoo Inc. products and services to protest the Internet companys reported actions in China.89 In July 2007, evidence surfaced detailing the warrant which the Chinese authorities sent to Yahoo officials, highlighting State Secrets as the charge against Shi Tao. The warrant requests Email account registration information for huoyan1989yahoo. cn, all login times, corresponding IP addresses, and relevant email content from February 22, 2004 to present.909192 Analyst reports and human rights organizations have said that this evidence directly contradicts Yahoos testimony before the U. S. Congress in February 2006.93 Yahoo contends it must respect the laws of governments in jurisdictions where it is operating. edit Li Zhi Main article: Li Zhi (dissident) Criticism of Yahoo intensified in February 2006 when Reporters Without Borders released Chinese court documents stating that Yahoo aided Chinese authorities in the case of dissident Li Zhi. In December 2003 Li Zhi was sentenced to 8 years imprisonment for inciting subversion. edit Sued in US court for outing Chinese dissident Wang Xiaoning Main article: Wang Xiaoning Wang Xiaoning is a Chinese dissident from Shenyang who was arrested by authorities of the Peoples Republic of China for publishing controversial material online. In 2000 and 2001, Wang, who was an engineer by profession, posted electronic journals in a Yahoo group calling for democratic reform and an end to single-party rule. He was arrested in September 2002 after Yahoo assisted Chinese authorities by providing information. In September 2003, Wang was convicted of charges of incitement to subvert state power and sentenced to ten years in prison.94 On April 18, 2007, Xiaonings wife Yu Ling sued Yahoo under human rights laws in federal court in San Francisco, California, United States.95 Wang Xiaoning is named as a plaintiff in the Yahoo suit, which was filed with help from the World Organization for Human Rights USA. Yahoo is guilty of an act of corporate irresponsibility, said Morton Sklar, executive director of the group. Yahoo had reason to know that if they provided China with identification information that those individuals would be arrested.96 Yahoos decision to assist Chinas authoritarian government came as part of a policy of reconciling its services with the Chinese governments policies. This came after China blocked Yahoo services for a time. As reported in The Washington Post and many media sources: The suit says that in 2001, Wang was using a Yahoo e-mail account to post anonymous writings to an Internet mailing list. The suit alleges that Yahoo. under pressure from the Chinese government, blocked that account. Wang set up a new account via Yahoo and began sending material again the suit alleges that Yahoo gave the government information that allowed it to identify and arrest Wang in September 2002. The suit says prosecutors in the Chinese courts cited Yahoos cooperation.96 Human rights organizations groups are basing their case on a 217-year-old U. S. law to punish corporations for human rights violations abroad, an effort the Bush administration has opposed: In recent years, activists working with overseas plaintiffs have sued roughly two dozen businesses under the Alien Tort Statute, which the activists say grants jurisdiction to American courts over acts abroad that violate international norms. Written by the Founding Fathers in 1789 for a different purpose, the law was rarely invoked until the 1980s.96 On August 28, 2007, the World Organization for Human Rights sued Yahoo for allegedly passing information (email and IP address) with the Chinese government that caused the arrests of writers and dissidents. The lawsuit was filed in San Francisco for journalists, Shi Tao, and Wang Xiaoning. Yahoo stated that it supported privacy and free expression for it worked with other technology companies to solve human rights concerns.97 On November 6, 2007, the US congressional panel criticized Yahoo for not giving full details to the House Foreign Affairs Committee the previous year, stating it had been at best inexcusably negligent and at worst deceptive.98 edit Chatrooms and message boards As a result of media scrutiny relating to Internet child predators and a lack of significant ad revenues, Yahoos user created chatrooms were closed down in June 2005.99 Yahoo News message board section was closed December 19, 2006, due to the trolling phenomenon.100 In 2009, it was discovered that Yahoos message boards were prone to a vulnerability that allowed board participants to execute JavaScript on readers computers as they searched the boards. Using this cross-site scripting bug, one could also grab a users Yahoo cookie, which could then be used to impersonate them online, even without their Yahoo password. Yahoo fixed the vulnerability in September 2009.101 edit Image search On May 25, 2006, Yahoos image search was criticized for bringing up sexually explicit images even when SafeSearch was on. This was discovered by a teacher who was intending to use the service with a class to search for Yahoos response to this was, Yahoo is aware of this issue and is working to resolve it as quickly as possible.102 edit Shark finning controversy Yahoo is a 40 owner of Alibaba, which facilitates the sale of shark-derived products.103 After investing in Alibaba, Yahoo executives were asked about this issue, and responded: We know the sale of shark products is both legal in Asia and a centuries-old tradition. This issue is largely a cultural-practices one.104 However, the cultural claim (which is pushed by the trade, as in this article about Disney continuing to offer sharks fin soup)105 has been contested.106 As a minority-owner of Alibaba, Yahoo is not able to directly control that companys actions in China. edit Closing Down Services edit Closing down Geocities Geocities was a popular web hosting service founded in 1994. At one point it was the 3rd most-browsed site on the World Wide Web.107 Yahoo purchased Geocities in 1999. Ten years later Yahoo closed Geocities,108 deleting millions of web pages in the process. A great deal of information was certainly lost but many of those sites pages have been mirrored at the Internet Archive109, OOcities, and more.110 edit Closing down Yahoo 360176 beta Yahoo 360176 was a popular bloggingsocial networking beta service launched in March 2005 by Yahoo. On July 13, 2009 Yahoo closed it down.111 edit Closing Down Mash Beta Yahoo Mash beta was another social service closed after one year of operation. It never left Beta .112 edit Closing Down Yahoo Photos Yahoo Photos was shut down on September 20, 2007 in favor of Flickr edit Closing down Yahoo Tech Yahoo Tech is a web site that provides product information and setup advice to users. Yahoo launched the web site in May 2006. On February 11, 2018 Yahoo announced that it will close down Yahoo Tech on 11 March. The site thereafter will redirect users to Yahoos technology news section.113 edit Other discontinued services Other discontinued services include Farechase, My Web, Audio Search, Pets, Live, Kickstart, Briefcase, and Yahoo for Teachers.114 For Complete list of closed services see: List of other Yahoo closed and defunct services edit Yahoo subject of cyber attacks originating in China Adobe and Yahoo appear to have been among the targets of cyber attacks originating in China that prompted Google Inc. to threaten to leave the Asian nation in a surprise announcement on January 12, 2018.115 edit Financial data Financial data, US million116 Year 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Sales 1 625 3 574 5 258 6 426 6 969 EBITDA 453 1 000 1 505 1 066 Net Results 238 840 1 896 751 660 Staff 5 500 7 600 9 800 11 400 edit Yahoo International Yahoo is known across the world with its multi-lingual interface. The site is available in over 20 languages, including English. The official directory for all of the Yahoo International sites is world. yahoo. Each of the international sites are wholly-owned by Yahoo. with the exception of Yahoo Japan, in which it holds a 34.79 minority stake 1 and Yahoo7 in Australia which is a 50-50 agreement between Yahoo and The Seven Network. Historically, Yahoo entered into joint venture agreements with Softbank for the major European sites (UK, France, Germany) and well as Korea and Japan. In November 2005, Yahoo purchased the minority interests that Softbank owned in Europe and Korea. Yahoo holds a 40 stake in Alibaba, which manages a web portal in China using the Yahoo brand name. Yahoo in the USA does not have direct control over the operations of Alibaba, which operates as a completely independent company. In 2008, Darren Petterson, business development director for Yahoo Europe confirmed that Yahoo was going to launch a Romanian version of their website by the end of the year,117118 however, due to the financial crisis at that time, those plans were frozen.119 In February 2018, new reports appeared in the Romanian media claiming that the portal will finally launch by June the same year, as some services like Yahoo Mail and Yahoo Mobile are already translated into Romanian.120181 edit Logos and themes The first logo was used when the company was founded in 1995. It was red and had three icons on each side.122 The logo used on the main page yahoo used to be red with a black outline and shadow, but in May 2009, along with a new theme redesign, the logo was changed to purple with no outline or shadow. Sometimes, the logo is abbreviated with Y.123 Themes and page designs are different on some international Yahoo home pages, such as Yahoo Australia. Yahoo adalah sebuah portal web populer yang dioperasikan perusahaan yang bernama Yahoo Inc. yang dirintis oleh oleh David Filo dan Jerry Yang. Yahoo pada awalnya hanyalah semacam bookmark (petunjuk halaman buku), ide itu berawal pada bulan April 1994, saat itu dua orang alumni Universitas Stanford mendapat liburan ketika profesor mereka pergi ke luar kota karena cuti besar. Dua mahasiswa teknik tersebut mempunyai sedikit pekerjaan yang harus dilakukan selain menjelajah internet. Mereka tidak membutuhkan waktu lama untuk mengkompilasi sebuah daftar bookmark yang besar, yang dikelompokkan berdasarkan subyek. Kemudian mereka berpikir untuk memasukannya di web, dan mulai bekerja membuat sebuah program database untuk menanganinya sehingga dapat memberikan hasil secara online. Koleksi bookmark tersebut, sekarang dikenal sebagai Yahoo. menerima sejumlah 80 juta pengunjung setiap bulan (sensus tahun 2000). Yahoo paid inclusion controversy In March 2004, Yahoo launched a paid inclusion program whereby commercial websites are guaranteed listings on the Yahoo search engine after payment.1 This scheme is lucrative, but has proved unpopular both with website marketers (who are reluctant to pay), and the public (who are unhappy about the paid-for listings being indistinguishable from other search results).2 As of October 2006, Paid Inclusion doesnt guarantee any commercial listing, it only helps the paid inclusion customers, by crawling their site more often and by providing some statistics on the searches that led to the page and some additional smart links (provided by customers as feeds) below the actual url. edit Adware and spyware Yahoo has also been criticized for funding spyware and adware 8212 advertising from Yahoo8217s clients often appears on-screen in pop-ups generated from adware that a user may have installed on their computer without realizing it by accepting online offers to download software to fix computer clocks or improve computer security, add browser enhancements, etc. The frequency of advertising pop-ups for spyware, generated from a partnership with advertising distributor Walnut Ventures, who had a direct partnership with Direct Revenue, could be increased or decreased based on Yahoo8217s immediate revenue needs, according to some former employees in Yahoo8217s sales department.34 edit Work in the Peoples Republic of China 8220 While technologically and financially you Yahoo are giants, morally you are pygmies 8221 8212Tom Lantos, chairman of the House Foreign Affairs Committee (2007)5 Yahoo. along with Google China, Microsoft, Cisco, AOL, Skype, Nortel and others, has cooperated with the Chinese Communist Government in implementing a system of internet censorship in mainland China. Unlike Google or Microsoft, which keep confidential records of its users outside mainland China, Yahoo stated that the company will not protect the privacy and confidentiality of its mainland Chinese customers from the authorities.6 Critics say that the companies put profits before principles.7 Human Rights Watch and Reporters Without Borders state that it is ironic that companies whose existence depends on freedom of information and expression have taken on the role of censor.8 edit Outing of Chinese dissidents edit Shi Tao Main article: Shi Tao In September 2005, Reporters Without Borders reported the following story. In April 2005, Shi Tao, a journalist working for a Chinese newspaper, was sentenced to 10 years in prison by the Changsha Intermediate Peoples Court of Hunan Province, China (First trial case no. 29), for providing state secrets to foreign entities. The secrets were a brief list of censorship orders he sent from a Yahoo Mail account to the Asia Democracy Forum before the anniversary of the Tiananmen Square Incident.9 The verdict as published by the Chinese government stated the following. Shi Tao had sent the email through an anonymous Yahoo account. Yahoo Holdings (the Hong Kong subsidiary of Yahoo) told the Chinese government that the IP address used to send the email was registered by the Hunan newspaper that Shi Tao worked for. Police went straight to his offices and picked him up. In February 2006, Yahoo General Counsel submitted a statement to the U. S. Congress in which Yahoo denied knowing the true nature of the case against Shi Tao.10 In April 2006, Yahoo Holdings (Hong Kong) was investigated by Hong Kongs Privacy Commissioner for Personal Data. On 2 June 2006, the union representing journalists in the UK and Ireland (NUJ) called on its 40,000 members to boycott all Yahoo Inc. products and services to protest the Internet companys reported actions in China.11 8220 Its complicated.5 8221 8212Michael Callaham, General Counsel, Yahoo. testifying before the House Foreign Affairs Committee (2007) In July 2007, evidence surfaced detailing the warrant which the Chinese authorities sent to Yahoo officials, highlighting State Secrets as the charge against Shi Tao. The warrant requests Email account registration information for huoyan1989yahoo. cn, all login times, corresponding IP addresses, and relevant email content from February 22, 2004 to present.121314 Analyst reports and human rights organizations have said that this evidence directly contradicts Yahoo8217s testimony before the U. S. Congress in February 2006.15 Yahoo contends it must respect the laws of governments in jurisdictions where it is operating. edit Li Zhi Main article: Li Zhi (dissident) Criticism of Yahoo intensified in February 2006 when Reporters Without Borders released Chinese court documents stating that Yahoo aided Chinese authorities in the case of dissident Li Zhi. In December 2003 Li Zhi was sentenced to 8 years imprisonment for inciting subversion. edit Wang Xiaoning Main article: Wang Xiaoning Wang Xiaoning is a Chinese dissident from Shenyang who was arrested by authorities of the Peoples Republic of China for publishing controversial material online. In 2000 and 2001, Wang, who was an engineer by profession, posted electronic journals in a Yahoo group calling for democratic reform and an end to single-party rule. He was arrested in September 2002 after Yahoo assisted Chinese authorities by providing information. In September 2003, Wang was convicted of charges of incitement to subvert state power and sentenced to ten years in prison.16 On April 18, 2007, Xiaonings wife Yu Ling sued Yahoo under human rights laws in federal court in San Francisco, California, United States.17 Wang Xiaoning is named as a plaintiff in the Yahoo suit, which was filed with help from the World Organization for Human Rights USA. Yahoo is guilty of an act of corporate irresponsibility, said Morton Sklar, executive director of the group. Yahoo had reason to know that if they provided China with identification information that those individuals would be arrested.18 Yahoo8217s decision to assist Chinas authoritarian government came as part of a policy of reconciling its services with the Chinese governments policies. This came after China blocked Yahoo services for a time. As reported in The Washington Post and many media sources: The suit says that in 2001, Wang was using a Yahoo e-mail account to post anonymous writings to an Internet mailing list. The suit alleges that Yahoo. under pressure from the Chinese government, blocked that account. Wang set up a new account via Yahoo and began sending material again the suit alleges that Yahoo gave the government information that allowed it to identify and arrest Wang in September 2002. The suit says prosecutors in the Chinese courts cited Yahoo8217s cooperation.18 Human rights organizations groups are basing their case on a 217-year-old U. S. law to punish corporations for human rights violations abroad, an effort the Bush administration has opposed: In recent years, activists working with overseas plaintiffs have sued roughly two dozen businesses under the Alien Tort Claims Act, which the activists say grants jurisdiction to American courts over acts abroad that violate international norms. Written by the Founding Fathers in 1789 for a different purpose, the law was rarely invoked until the 1980s.18 On August 28, 2007, the World Organization for Human Rights sued Yahoo for allegedly passing information (email and IP address) with the Chinese government that caused the arrests of writers and dissidents. The lawsuit was filed in San Francisco for journalists, Shi Tao, and Wang Xiaoning. Yahoo stated that it supported privacy and free expression for it worked with other technology companies to solve human rights concerns.19 On November 6, 2007, the US congressional panel criticised Yahoo for not giving full details to the House Foreign Affairs Committee the previous year, stating it had been at best inexcusably negligent and at worst deceptive.20 edit User-Created Chatrooms, message boards, and Profiles As a result of media scrutiny relating to Internet child predators and a lack of significant ad revenues, Yahoo8217s user created chatrooms were closed down in June 2005.21 Yahoo News message board section was closed December 19, 2006, due to the trolling phenomenon.22 In addition, in mid-October, 2008, Yahoo deleted all information in millions of user profiles with no advance notice and little explanation.23 edit Image search On May 25, 2006, Yahoo8217s image search was criticized for bringing up sexually explicit images even when SafeSearch was on. This was discovered by a teacher who was intending to use the service with a class to search for Yahoos response to this was, Yahoo is aware of this issue and is working to resolve it as quickly as possible.24 edit Sharks fin controversy Yahoo is a 40 owner of Alibaba, which facilitates the sale of shark-derived products.25 After investing in Alibaba, Yahoo executives were asked about this issue, and responded: We know the sale of shark products is both legal in Asia and a centuries-old tradition. This issue is largely a cultural-practices one.26 edit Closing down Geocities Geocities was a popular web hosting service founded in 1994. At one point it was the 3rd most-browsed site on the World Wide Web.27 Yahoo purchased Geocities in 1999. Ten years later Yahoo closed Geocities28, deleting millions of web pages in the process.29 In September 2009, a month before it was closed by Yahoo, Geocities received 10,477,049 unique visitors.30 List of acquisitions by Yahoo From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search Yahoo headquarters in Sunnyvale, California, United States Yahoo is a computer software and web search engine company founded on March 1, 1995.1 The company is a public corporation and its headquarters is located in Sunnyvale, California.2 It was founded by Stanford University graduate students Jerry Yang and David Filo in 1994.3 According to web traffic analysis companies, Yahoo has been one of the most visited websites on the Internet, with more than 130 million unique users per month in the United States alone.456 As of October 2007, the global network of Yahoo receives 3.4 billion page views per day on average, making it one of the most visited US websites.5 Yahoos first acquisition was the purchase of Net Controls, a web search engine company, in September 1997 for US1.4 million. As of April 2008, the companys largest acquisition is the purchase of Broadcast, an Internet radio company, for 5.7 billion, making Broadcast co-founder Mark Cuban a billionaire. Most of the companies acquired by Yahoo are based in the United States 47 of the companies are from the United States, and 8 are based in a foreign country. As of October 2009, Yahoo has acquired 58 companies. Contents hide 1 Acquisitions 2 References edit Acquisitions Acquisition date8595 Company8595 Business8595 Country8595 Value (USD)8595 Derived products8595 References 01997-09 September 1997 Net Controls Web search engine USA 0000000001400000.0000001,400,000 Yahoo Search 7 01997-10-08 October 8, 1997 Four11 Web-based email USA 0000000092000000.00000092,000,000 Yahoo Mail 8 01998-03-31 March 31, 1998 Classic Games Online game USA 8212 Yahoo Games 9 01998-04-29 April 29, 1998 Sportasy Fantasy sport USA 8212 Yahoo Fantasy Sports 10 01998-06-08 June 8, 1998 Viaweb Web application USA 0000000049000000.00000049,000,000 Yahoo Store 11 01998-07-17 July 17, 1998 Webcal Calendaring software USA 0000000021000000.00000021,000,000 Yahoo Calendar 12 01998-10-12 October 12, 1998 Yoyodyne Direct marketing USA 0000000029600000.00000029,600,000 Yahoo Search Marketing 13 01998-12 December 1998 Hyperparallel Data analysis USA 0000000008000000.0000008,000,000 Yahoo Search 14 01999-01-15 January 15, 1999 L ogMeIn Digital identity USA 0000000010000000.00000010,000,000 Yahoo 15 01999-04-01 April 1, 1999 Broadcast Internet radio USA 0000005700000000.0000005,700,000,000 LAUNCHcast 16 01999-05-27 May 27, 1999 Encompass Internet service provider USA 0000000130000000.000000130,000,000 Yahoo 17 01999-05-28 May 28, 1999 GeoCities Web hosting service USA 0000003600000000.0000003,600,000,000 Yahoo GeoCities 18 01999-06-02 June 2, 1999 Online Anywhere Content delivery network USA 0000000080000000.00000080,000,000 Yahoo TV 19 02000-03-23 March 23, 2000 Arthas E-commerce payment systems USA 8212 Yahoo Store 20 02000-04-05 April 5, 2000 MyQuest Internet service provider USA 8212 Yahoo 21 02000-08-31 August 31, 2000 eGroups Electronic mailing list USA 0000000432000000.000000432,000,000 Yahoo Groups 22 02000-11-09 November 9, 2000 Kimo Web portal TWN 0000000145000000.000000145,000,000 Yahoo 23 02001-02-14 February 14, 2001 Sold Online auction tools AUS 0000000030000000.00000030,000,000 Yahoo Shopping 24 02001-06-28 June 28, 2001 LAUNCH Media Online music store USA 0000000012000000.00000012,000,000 Yahoo Music 25 02002-01-11 January 11, 2002 Hotjobs Job search engine USA 0000000436000000.000000436,000,000 Yahoo HotJobs 26 02002-12-23 December 23, 2002 Inktomi Corporation Internet service provider USA 0000000235000000.000000235,000,000 Yahoo Search 27 02003-06-14 June 14, 2003 Overture Services, Inc. Search engine marketing USA 0000001630000000.0000001,630,000,000 Yahoo Search Marketing 28 02004-01 January 2004 3721 Internet Assistant Browser Helper Object CHN 0000000120000000.000000120,000,000 Yahoo Assistant 29 02004-03-26 March 26, 2004 Kelkoo Price comparison service FRA 0000000579000000.000000579,000,000 Kelkoo 30 02004-07-12 July 12, 2004 Oddpost Web-based email USA 0000000030000000.00000030,000,000 Yahoo Mail 31 02004-09-14 September 14, 2004 Musicmatch Jukebox Audio player USA 0000000160000000.000000160,000,000 Yahoo Music 32 02004-10-02 October 2, 2004 The All-Seeing Eye Game s erver browser FIN 8212 Yahoo Games 33 02004-10-22 October 22, 2004 Stata Labs Web-based email USA 8212 Yahoo Mail 34 02004-12-07 December 7, 2004 WUF Networks Mobile media USA 8212 Yahoo Mobile 35 02005-02-11 February 11, 2005 Verdisoft Computer software USA 0000000058000000.00000058,000,000 Yahoo Mobile 36 02005-03-04 March 4, 2005 Stadeon Online game USA 8212 Yahoo Games 37 02005-03-20 March 20, 2005 Ludicorp Image hosting service CAN 0000000040000000.00000040,000,000citation needed Flickr 38 02005-04-12 April 12, 2005 TeRespondo Advertising network BRA 8212 Yahoo Search Marketing 39 02005-06-14 June 14, 2005 Dialpad Voice over Internet Protocol USA 8212 Yahoo Voice 40 02005-06-14 June 14, 2005 blo. gs Weblog software USA 8212 Yahoo 360176 41 02005-07-25 July 25, 2005 Konfabulator Widget engine USA 8212 Yahoo Widgets 42 02005-10-04 October 4, 2005 Upcoming. org Calendaring software USA 8212 Yahoo Local 43 02005-10-18 October 18, 2005 Whereonearth Web mapping USA 8212 Yahoo Maps 44 0200 5-12-12 December 12, 2005 del. icio. us Social bookmarking USA 0000000020000000.00000020,000,000 del. icio. us 45 02006-01-09 January 9, 2006 Webjay Online music store USA 8212 Yahoo Music 46 02006-01-17 January 17, 2006 SearchFox Web search engine USA 8212 Yahoo Search 47 02006-04-18 April 18, 2006 Meedio Digital video recorder USA 8212 Yahoo Go 48 02006-09-27 September 27, 2006 Jumpcut Online video editing USA 8212 Yahoo Video 49 02006-10-17 October 17, 2006 AdInterax Online advertising USA 8212 Yahoo Search Marketing 50 02006-11-16 November 16, 2006 Bix Social media USA 8212 Bix 51 02006-11-17 November 17, 2006 Kenet Works Mobile software SWE 0000000025000000.00000025,000,000 Yahoo Mobile 52 02006-12 December 2006 Wretch Virtual community TWN 0000000022000000.00000022,000,000 Wretch 53 02007-01-08 January 8, 2007 MyBlogLog Social network service USA 8212 MyBlogLog 54 02007-04-29 April 29, 2007 Right Media Online advertising USA 0000000680000000.000000680,000,000 Yahoo Search Marketing 5 5 02007-06-20 June 20, 2007 Rivals College sports USA 8212 Yahoo Sports 56 02007-09-04 September 4, 2007 BlueLithium Advertising network USA 0000000300000000.000000300,000,000 Yahoo Search Marketing 57 02007-09-14 September 14, 2007 BuzzTracker News site USA 8212 Yahoo News 58 02007-09-17 September 17, 2007 Zimbra Collaborative software USA 0000000350000000.000000350,000,000 Zimbra 59 02008-02-05 February 5, 2008 FoxyTunes Browser extension USA 8212 FoxyTunes 60 02008-02-12 February 12, 2008 Maven Networks Video on demand USA 0000000160000000.000000160,000,000 Yahoo Video 61 02008-05-09 May 9, 2008 Inquisitor Browser extension USA 8212 Inquisitor 62 02009-07-22 July 22, 2009 Xoopit Webmail applications USA 0000000020000000.00000020,000,000 Yahoo Mail 63 02009-08-25 August 25, 2009 Maktoob Social media Dubai 8212 Maktoob 64 02018-03-17 March 17, 2018 citizensports Sports Social media USA 8212 citizensports 65 This is a list of Wikipedia articles about search engines, including web searc h engines, selection-based search engines, metasearch engines, desktop search tools, and web portals and vertical market websites that have a search facility for online databases. Ask (formerly Ask Jeeves) Baidu (Chinese, Japanese) Bing (formerly MSN Search and Live Search) Cuil Duck Duck Go Google Kosmix Sogou (Chinese) Yodao (Chinese) Yahoo Search Yandex (Russian) Yebol Geographical limited scope Accoona, ChinaUS Alleba, Philippines Ansearch, AustraliaUSUKNZ Daum, Korea Goo, Japan Guruji, India Leit. is, Iceland Maktoob, Arab World Onkosh, Arab World Miner. hu, Hungary Najdi. si, Slovenia Naver, Korea Rambler, Russia Rediff, India SAPO, PortugalAngolaCabo VerdeMozambique Search. ch, Switzerland Sesam, Norway, Sweden Seznam, Czech Republic Walla. Israel Yandex, Russia ZipLocal, CanadaUS Business GlobalSpec Nexis (Lexis Nexis) Thomasnet (United States) GenieKnows (United States and Canada) GetEducated (Online degree programs from the US) Enterprise See also: Enterprise search AskMeNow: S3 - Semantic Search Solution Concept Searching Limited: concept search products Dieselpoint: Search Navigation dtSearch: dtSearch Engine(SDK), dtSearch Web Endeca: Information Access Platform Exalead: exalead one:enterprise Expert System S. p.A. Cogito Fast Search Transfer: Enterprise Search Platform (ESP), RetrievalWare (formerly Convera) Funnelback: Funnelback Search IBM: OmniFind Enterprise Edition ISYS Search Software: ISYS:web, ISYS:sdk Jumper 2.0: Universal search powered by Enterprise bookmarking Microsoft: SharePoint Search Services Northern Light Open Text: Hummingbird Search Server, Livelink Search Oracle Corporation: Secure Enterprise Search 10g SAP: TREX TeraText: TeraText Suite Vivisimo: Vivisimo Clusterin g Engine X1 Technologies. X1 Enterprise Search ZyLAB Technologies: ZyIMAGE Information Access Platform Taptu: taptu mobilesocial search Job Main articles: Job search engine and Employment website See also: Category:Job search engines Bixee (India) CareerBuilder (USA) Craigslist (by city) Dice (USA) Eluta. ca (Canada) Hotjobs (USA) Incruit (Korea) Indeed (USA) LinkUp (USA) Monster (USA), (India) Naukri (India) WestLaw Lexis (Lexis Nexis) Quicklaw Manupatra Bioinformatic Harvester Entrez (includes Pubmed) EB-eye EMBL-EBIs Search engine GenieKnows GoPubMed (knowledge-based: GO - GeneOntology and MeSH - Medical Subject Headings) Healia Searchmedica WebMD PubGene Nextbio (Life Science Search Engine) VADLO (Life Sciences Search Engine) Google News Daylife MagPortal Newslookup Nexis (Lexis Nexis) Topix Yahoo News PeekYou Ex. plode. us InfoSpace Spock Spokeo Wink Zabasearch ZoomInfo Fizber Home. co. uk HotPads Rightmove Zillow By information type Search engines dedicated to a specific kind of information Forum Amatomu Bloglines BlogScope IceRocket Sphere Technorati Multimedia See also: Multimedia search Bing Videos blinkx FindSounds Google Video Munaxs PlayAudioVideo Picsearch Pixsta Podscope ScienceStage Songza SeeqPod Veveo TinEye Yahoo Video YouTube Google Code Search JExamples Koders Krugle These search engines work across the BitTorrent protocol. Btjunkie FlixFlux Isohunt Mininova The Pirate Bay TorrentSpy Torrentz Wiki Mapia Bing Maps Goportail Google Maps MapQuest Yahoo Maps Google Product Search (formerly Froogle) Kelkoo MSN Shopping MySimon PriceGrabber PriceRunner PriceSCAN Shopping ShopWiki Shopzilla (also operates Bizrate) TheFind Wishabi Question and answer Human answers Answers eHow Uclue Yahoo Answers Stack Overflow DeeperWeb Automatic answers See also: Question answering AskMeNow BrainBoost True Knowledge Wolfram Alpha Natural language See also: Natural language search engine and Semantic search Ask Bing (Semantic ability is powered by Powerset) BrainBoost hakia Lexxe Powerset By model Open source search engines DataparkSearch Egothor Grub Ht:dig Isearch Lucene Lemur Toolkit Indri Search Engine mnoGoSearch Namazu Nutch OpenFTS Sciencenet (for scientific knowledge, based on YaCy technology) Sphinx SWISH-E Terrier Search Engine Wikia Search Xapian YaCy Zettair Semantic browsing engines Evri Hakia Yebol Social search engines See also: Social search, Relevance feedback, and Human search engine ChaCha Search Delver EarthFrisk. org Eurekster Mahalo OneRiot Rollyo Sproose Trexy Wikia search Wink provides web search by analyzing user contributions such as bookmarks and feedback Metasearch engines See also: Metasearch engine Brainboost ChunkIt Clusty Dogpile Excite Harvester42 HotBot Info Ixquick Kayak LeapFish Mamma Metacrawler MetaLib Mobissimo Myriad Search SideStep Turbo10 WebCrawler DeeperWeb Visual search engines ChunkIt Grokker Pixsta PubGene Viewzi Google: Google Search Appliance Desktop search engines See also: Desktop search Name8595 Platform8595 Remarks8595 License8595 Autonomy Windows IDOL Enterprise Desktop Search. Proprietary, commercial Beagle Linux Open source desktop search tool for Linux based on Lucene A mix of the X11MIT License and the Apache License Copernic Desktop Search Windows Considered best overall search engine in 2005 UW benchmark study.1 Free for home use Docco cross-platform (Java) Based on Apaches indexing and search engine Lucene, and it requires a Java Runtime Environment. BSD License 2 Docfetcher Cross-platform Open source desktop search tool for Windows and Linux, based on Apache Lucene Eclipse Public License dtSearch Desktop Windows Proprietary (30 day trial) Easyfind Mac OS Freeware Google Desktop Linux, Mac OS, Windows Integrates with the main Google search engine page. 5.9 Release now supports x64 systems. Freeware GNOME Storage Linux Open Source desktop search tool for UnixLinux GPL imgSeek Linux, Mac OS, Windows Desktop content-based image search GPL v2 3 InSight Desktop Search Windows Metadata-based search utility Freeware ISYS Search Software Windows ISYS:desktop search software. Proprietary (14 day trial) Likasoft Archivarius 3000 Windows - Proprietary (30 day trial) Meta Tracker Linux, Unix Open Source desktop search tool for UnixLinux GPL v2 4 Recoll Linux, Unix Open Source desktop search tool for UnixLinux GPL 5 Spotlight Mac OS Found in Apple Mac OS X Tiger and later OS X releases. Proprietary Strigi Linux, Unix, Solaris, Mac OS X and Windows Cross-platform open source desktop search engine LGPL v2 6 Terrier Search Engine Linux, Mac OS, Unix Desktop search for Windows, Mac OS X (Tiger), UnixLinux. MPL Tropes Zoom Windows Semantic Search Engine. Freeware and commercial Windows Search Windows Part of Windows Vista and later OSs. Available as Windows Desktop Search for Windows XP and Server 2003. Does not support indexing UNC paths on x64 systems. Proprietary, freeware X1 Professional Client Windows Formerly Yahoo Desktop Search, then X1 Desktop Search, then X1 Enterprise Client Proprietary (30 day trial) Usenet Google Groups (formerly Deja News) Timeline of events for Yahoo From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search Timeline of major events for Yahoo. January 1994: Jerry Yang and David Filo create Jerrys Guide to the World Wide Web while studying at Stanford University. April 1994: Jerrys Guide to the World Wide Web is renamed Yahoo March 1995: Yahoo is incorporated. 1995: Ziff Davis Inc. launches the magazine Yahoo Internet Life, initially as ZD Internet Life. The magazine was meant to accompany and complement the website. April 12, 1996: Yahoo has Initial public offering, closing at 33.00, up 270 from the IPO price, after peaking at 43.00 for the day. October 8, 1997: Yahoo acquires Four11, and Four11s Rocketmail service becomes Yahoo Mail. June 8, 1998: Yahoo acquires Viaweb, co-founded by Paul Graham, which becomes Yahoo Store. October 12, 1998: Yahoo acquires direct marketing company Yoyodyne Entertainment, Inc.1 January 28, 1999: Yahoo acquires Geocities. April 1, 1999: Yahoo acquires Broadcast. January 3, 2000: Yahoo stocks close at an all-time high of 475.00 (pre-split price) a share. The day before, it hit an intra-day high of 500.13 (pre-split price). January 19, 2000: At the height of the Dot-com tech bubble, shares in Yahoo Japan became the first stocks in Japanese history to trade at over 165100,000,000, reaching a price of 101.4 million yen (962,140 at that time).2 February 7, 2000: Yahoo was brought to a halt for a few hours as it was the victim of a distributed denial of service attack (DDoS).34 On the next day, its shares rose about 16, or 4.5 percent as the failure was blamed on hackers rather than on an internal glitch, unlike a fault with eBay earlier that year. May 22, 2000: A French judge LICRAv. Yahoo ordered Yahoo to ban Nazi-related sites from its search engine, and to stop to act as an intermediary on bids for objects with racist overtones. Yahoo denied the French courts jurisdiction over a United States based company, and the tribunals requests were finally abandoned in 2003. Yahoo eventually quit voluntarily trading on Nazi and Ku Klux Klan bibelots.56 June 28, 2000: Yahoo acquires eGroups. March 7, 2001: Yahoo CEO Tim Koogle announces he will step down and remain only a company board member. April 17, 2001: Terry Semel announced as the new Yahoo CEO. September 26, 2001 Yahoo stocks close at an all-time low of 8.11. The day before, it hit an intra-day low of 8.02 (both figures are pre-split prices). October 2001: Yahoo acquires Australian online auction site Sold from Fairfax Media for 30 million December 27, 2001: Yahoo acquires HotJobs. January 22, 2001: Yahoo acquires Hotjobs for 436 million June 3, 2002: SBC and Yahoo Launch National Co-Branded Dial Service -- Press Release December 2002: Yahoo Inc. starts acquisition of Inktomi Web search engine July, 2003: BT Openworld announces an alliance with Yahoo -- Press Release July 2003, Yahoo acquires Overture Services, Inc. January 19, 2004: Yahoo Inc. announces the formation of Yahoo Research Labs, a research organization focusing on the invention of new technologies and solutions for Yahoo. Yahoos Head and Principal Scientist, Dr. Gary William Flake, leads the new organization. Dr. Flake has since left the company and now works at Microsoft. February 19, 2004: Yahoo drops Google-powered results, launching its own web-crawling algorithm and using its own site index after it had used Googles results for a long time. March 2004: Yahoo launches its own search engine technology. March 1, 2004: Yahoo announces (as cited in the New York Times article listed in the References section) that it will practice paid inclusion for its search service. However, it also announced it would continue to rely mainly on a free web crawl for most of its search engine content. March 25, 2004: Yahoo acquires the European shopping search engine Kelkoo. July 9, 2004 Yahoo acquires email provider Oddpost.7 November 4, 2004: Yahoo acquires game platform provider Stadeon. December 15, 2004: Yahoo launches beta version of its video search engine. February 9, 2005 Yahoo Launch is changed to Yahoo Music, which still provides free music. February 15, 2005 Yahoo establishes its European Headquarters in Dublin, Ireland with the creation of 400 new jobs.8 February 28, 2005 Yahoo launches a developer network giving an API to most of its search verticals. March 2, 2005 Yahoo completes 10 years of corporate existence. To celebrate this, it gives free ice cream coupons at Baskin Robbins to its users. March 20, 2005 Yahoo acquires photo sharing service Flickr. March 29, 2005 Yahoo launch blogging and social networking service Yahoo 360176 April 7, 2005 Wikimedia Foundation announces Yahoo support.9 May 26, 2005 Yahoo announces its new PhotoMail service June 14, 2005 Yahoo acquires VoIP provider DialPad Communications. July 15, 2005 Yahoo announces Yahoo Research Berkeley July 25, 2005 Yahoo acquires widget engine Konfabulator August 11, 2005 Yahoo acquires 40 of Alibaba for 1 billion US, and Alibaba will take over operation of Yahoo China.10 August 23, 2005: Verizon and Yahoo Launch Integrated DSL Service -- 11 September 7, 2005. Yahoo supplies information to Peoples Republic of China which then jails reporter Shi Tao, age 37, for 10 years. Yahoo states that they were following Chinese law.12 October 4, 2005 Yahoo purchases online social event calendar Upcoming. org.13 October 17, 2005 Yahoo buys British company Whereonearth Ltd which provides location technology. November 15, 2005 The sports section of My Yahoo is hacked titles such as selfhood conscience and aesthetic freedom link to various pages at doublereflection. org. December 1, 2005 - Tivo and Yahoo form a partnership where several Yahoo features can be viewed on television via the Series2 TiVO set top box. 3, 4 December 8 (US time) 9, (Australian time) 2005 Yahoo7 announced for January 2006. Official Site December 9, 2005 Yahoo acquires del. icio. us. January 9, 2006 Yahoo acquires webjay January 2006: Yahoo announces 50:50 joint venture in Australia with the Seven Network, called Yahoo7. Official Site February 12, 2006 Yahoo Developer Network PHP Center launched. May 1, 2006 Yahoo launches Yahoo Tech. August 31, 2006 Yahoo retires former frontpage. September 27, 2006 Yahoo acquires online video editing site Jumpcut. September 29 to September 30, 2006 Yahoo hosts an Open Hack Day (external site), featuring a musical performance by Beck December 5, 2006 Yahoo announces a significant re-organization, including the departure of Dan Rosensweig (COO), Lloyd Braun and John Marcom. Sue Decker is promoted from CFO, and other business unit shifts are made. December 13, 2006: Yahoo announces YahooXtra, a joint venture in New Zealand between its Australian JV, Yahoo7, and Telecom NZ. January 8, 2007 Yahoo acquires MyBlogLog.14 February 5, 2007 Yahoo launches a new search advertising system Panama.15 March 1, 2007 Localised New Zealand internet portal, YahooXtra, launches. Official Site March 2007: Yahoo acquires Taiwan blogging site wretch. cc April 30, 2007 Yahoo announces acquisition of Right Media. June 16, 2007 Yahoo officially retires the Yahoo Auctions service. auctions. yahoo, except in some parts of Asia June 18, 2007 Yahoo co-founder, Jerry Yang, replaces Terry Semel as CEO.16 June 20, 2007 Yahoo agrees to acquire Rivals. 17 June 28, 2007 Yahoo UKIreland online auctions closes, Yahoo referring instead to eBay. July 18, 2007 Yahoo acquires 35 stake in an Indian online ad company Tyroo Media Pvt ltd. August 20, 2007 Yahoo had started to shutdown Yahoo Photos due to the fact that Flickr is now a Yahoo property. Shutdown was completed on September 20, 2007. August 27, 2007 Yahoo adds SMS features (texting), IM to e-mail September 4, 2007 Yahoo announces acquisition of BlueLithium, a company founded by industry pioneer Gurbaksh Chahal February 1, 2008 Microsoft makes 44.6 Billion dollar bid for Yahoo5 February 4, 2008 Yahoo Acquires FoxyTunes 18 February 4, 2008 Yahoo and Rhapsody Announce Strategic Partnership In Digital Music. 19 February 12, 2008 Yahoo Acquires Maven Networks, Inc. 20 February 12, 2008 Yahoo and T-Mobile Agree to Enter Into Strategic Partnership. 21 August 2008: Yahoo acquires Taiwan ecommerce site Monday. tw November 17, 2008 Yahoo co-founder and CEO Jerry Yang steps down as CEO just 18 months after he took over. 22 January 13, 2009 Carol Bartz joins Yahoo as new CEO. 23 The Yahoo Messenger Protocol is the underlying network protocol used by the Yahoo Messenger instant messaging client, for Yahoo. Yahoo Instant Messager supports many features beyond just messaging, including off-line messaging, file transfer, chat, conferencing, voice chat, webcams and avatars. The purpose of the YMSG protocol is to provide a language and series of conventions for software communicating with Yahoos Instant Messaging service. In essence YMSG performs the same role for IM as HTTP does for the World Wide Web. Unlike HTTP, however, YMSG is a proprietary standard, aligned only with a single messaging service provider (namely, Yahoo). Rival messaging services have their own protocols, some based on open standards, others proprietary, each effectively fulfilling the same role with different mechanics. One of the fundamental tenets of instant messaging is the notion that users can see when someone is connected to the network 8212 known in the jargon as presence. Yahoos protocol uses the mechanics of a standard internet connection to achieve presence, the same connection it uses to send and receive data. In order for each user to remain visible to other users on the service, signaling their availability, their Yahoo IM client software must maintain a functional, open, network connection linking the client to Yahoos IM servers. As some organizations block communication on the port used by Yahoo IM, either because they choose to whitelist certain types of internet usage (only web surfing and email, for example) or because they seek to blacklist instant messaging services, Yahoo provides an alternative route for connecting to their service which mimics the HTTP protocol used by the World Wide Web. Unfortunately, as HTTP has no inherent sense of a persistent connection, Yahoo instead relies on the client frequently contacting the server in order to approximate the sense of a connection required to give each user presence on the IM network. Originally the YMSG login procedure suffered from a security flaw known as a replay attack, in which a given password (or other authentication information) is always identically scrambled when sent across the network. This allows any attacker who witnesses the transmission to merely reproduce the message verbatim in order to successfully log in, without actually needing to know the original password (or other details) which generated it. But some time around 2000 or 2001 Yahoo upgraded its service to introduce a random element to each login attempt, defeating any further potential for replay attacks. With the exception of the login authentication details, data sent over a YMSG connection is not encrypted. YMSG uses a binary format in which the text portions of the data are transmitted in plain view. Therefore, while it is difficult for an attacker to seize control of a Yahoo IM account, it is quite easy for them to read all messages sent to and from the account holder, along with other details such as the list of friends, if the attacker has control of one of the computers through which the data is routed. edit Technical Overview The YMSG protocol communicates between the client application, and a server, using a TCPIP connection on port 5050 by default. Other ports may be used if this port is blocked. Alternatively, an HTTP route is also available for clients behind a well secured firewall, with HTTP requests being used to upload messages from the client, while downloading all messages which have accumulated on the server since the last request. The client remains logged in for as long as the TCPIP connection is kept open. Or, in the case of a client connected via HTTP, until the client fails to send a request for some time (ping messages are sent every thirty seconds or so). Messages consist of a twenty byte header, followed by a variable length table of keyvalue pairs, where the key is an ASCII representation of a numeric code representing the field type, and the value is its associated data. A two byte separator, the hexadecimal values c0 80, are used to delimit each entry in this table. Some parts of YMSG rely on other protocols. For example, file transfer is initially negotiated using YMSG, but the actual transfer of the file is done via HTTP. Webcams too use YMSG to discover and request permission to view a webcam, but HTTP to actually feed JPEG 2000 images from one client to another. Chatroom categories, rooms and lobbies are retrieved using HTTP as XML documents. Regular webcam connections use H.323. Yahoo with voice uses SIP. For calls, VoIP is handled indirectly by Yahoo servers so the chat client doesnt have direct access to it. The chatroom categories can be retrieved from here. edit Login The login process for YMSG is quite complex. First the client introduces itself with a message containing its username. The server responds with a rather long seed value. The client feeds this into a rather involved algorithm, along with the accounts password, to produce two response values looking like variable assignments which are sent to the server. If these values match the servers expectations, the client is admitted and sent data associated with that account (such as buddyfriends lists). Although the seed value looks like an equation, it is in reality little more than a series of instructions in which the operands control lookups into a series of in-built tables, and the operators determine which logic operation to perform. SHA1 is also used to create two message digest data arrays, which are then encoded using a table to resemble software variable assignments. edit Diposkan oleh Dolly Bastian di 14.36 And you will be able to make your home totally immune from power outages . blackouts . and energy grid outages 8230 so even if everyone else in your area (or even the whole country) loses power, you won8217t. Noesis Industries Ltd. Noesis Industries Ltd. Standalone Financial Results, Limited Review Report for September 30, 2018 Announcement 10 Nov,2018, 02:45PM IST Noesis Industries Ltd has informed BSE about. 1. Standalone Financial Results for the period ended September 30, 2018 2. Standalone Limited Review for the period ended September 30, 2018 Noesis Industries Ltd has informed BSE about. 1. Standalone Financial Results for the period ended September 30, 2018 2. Standalone Limited Review for the period ended September 30, 2018less Board Meeting Intimation for Results Closure of Trading Window Announcement 01 Aug,2018, 11:17AM IST Noesis Industries Ltd has informed BSE that the meeting of Directors of the Company will be held on August 11, 2018, inter alia, to consider and take on record the Un-Audited Financial Results for the Quarter ended June 30, 2018. Further, as per the Code of Conduct for Prevention of Insider Tra. more Noesis Industries Ltd has informed BSE that the meeting of Directors of the Company will be held on August 11, 2018, inter alia, to consider and take on record the Un-Audited Financial Results for the Quarter ended June 30, 2018. Further, as per the Code of Conduct for Prevention of Insider Trading of the Company, the trading window will remain closed for all directors officers designated employees of the Company from August 01, 2018 to August 14, 2018 (both days inclusive) for the purpose of approval of Un-audited Financial Results for the Quarter ended June 30, 2018.less Shareholding for the Period Ended March 31, 2018 Announcement 05 May,2018, 11:39AM IST Noesis Industries Ltd has submitted to BSE the Shareholding Pattern for the Period Ended March 31, 2018. For more details, kindly Click here Noesis Industries Ltd has submitted to BSE the Shareholding Pattern for the Period Ended March 31, 2018. For more details, kindly Click here less Board Intimation for Results Closure of Trading Window Announcement 25 Jan,2018, 12:49AM IST Noesis Industries Ltd has informed BSE that the meeting of the Board of Directors of the Company will be held on February 11, 2018, inter alia, to consider and take on record the Unaudited Financial Results for the Quarter and 9 months ended December 31, 2018. Further, as per the Code of Conduc. more Noesis Industries Ltd has informed BSE that the meeting of the Board of Directors of the Company will be held on February 11, 2018, inter alia, to consider and take on record the Unaudited Financial Results for the Quarter and 9 months ended December 31, 2018. Further, as per the Code of Conduct for Prevention of Insider Trading of the Company, the trading window will remain closed for all directors officers designated employees of the Company from February 01, 2018 to February 14, 2018 (both days inclusive) for the purpose of approval of Un-audited Financial Results for the Quarter and 9 months ended December 31, 2018.less Fixes Book Closure for AGM (Cut-off date for e-voting) Announcement 02 Sep,2018, 01:04PM IST Noesis Industries Ltd has informed BSE that the Register of Members Share Transfer Books of the Company will remain closed from September 25, 2018 to September 30, 2018 (both days inclusive) for the purpose of 28th Annual General Meeting (AGM) of the Company to be h eld on September 30, 2018. F. more Noesis Industries Ltd has informed BSE that the Register of Members Share Transfer Books of the Company will remain closed from September 25, 2018 to September 30, 2018 (both days inclusive) for the purpose of 28th Annual General Meeting (AGM) of the Company to be held on September 30, 2018. Further, the Cut-off date for establishing the right to vote at the 28th Annual General Meeting shall be September 23, 2018.less Shareholding Pattern For June 30, 2018 Announcement 15 Jul,2018, 12:17AM IST Noesis Industries Ltd has informed BSE about the Shareholding Pattern as on June 30, 2018. Noesis Industries Ltd has informed BSE about the Shareholding Pattern as on June 30, 2018.less Shareholding Pattern For September 30, 2018 Announcement 16 Oct,2018, 12:33AM IST MVL Industries Ltd has informed BSE about the Shareholding Pattern as on September 30, 2018. MVL Industries Ltd has informed BSE about the Shareholding Pattern as on September 30, 2018.less Finan cial Results Auditors Report for March 31, 2018 (Audited) (Standalone) Announcement 30 May,2018, 12:08AM IST MVL Industries Ltd has informed BSE about the Standalone Financial Results a copy of the Auditors Report for the period ended March 31, 2018. MVL Industries Ltd has informed BSE about the Standalone Financial Results a copy of the Auditors Report for the period ended March 31, 2018.less Financial Results Limited Review for Dec 31, 2018 Announcement 13 Feb,2018, 07:27PM IST MVL Industries Ltd has informed BSE about the Financial Results a copy of the Limited Review Report for the period ended December 31, 2018. MVL Industries Ltd has informed BSE about the Financial Results a copy of the Limited Review Report for the period ended December 31, 2018.less Financial Results Limited Review for Dec 31, 2018 Announcement 13 Feb,2018, 07:27PM IST MVL Industries Ltd has informed BSE about the Financial Results a copy of the Limited Review Report for the period ended December 31 , 2018. MVL Industries Ltd has informed BSE about the Financial Results a copy of the Limited Review Report for the period ended December 31, 2018.less About Noesis Industries Ltd. Noesis Industries Ltd. incorporated in the year 1986, is a Small Cap company (having a market cap of 1.69 Cr.) operating in Consumer Durables sector. Noesis Industries Ltd. key ProductsRevenue Segments include for the year ending 31-Mar-2018. For the quarter ended 30-09-2018, the company has reported a Standalone sales of .00 Cr. unchanged .00 from last quarter Sales of .00 Cr. and unchanged .00 from last year same quarter Sales of .00 Cr. Company has reported net profit after tax of -.20 Cr. في الربع الأخير. The companyrsquos CEO is Mr. Prem Adip Rishi. Its Board of Directors include Mr. Prem Adip Rishi, Mr. Rajesh Galhotra, Mr. Rakesh Gupta, Mr. Vijay Kumar Sood, Mrs. Kalpana Gupta, Mr. Kamal Kumar Jain, Mr. Narendra Singh, Mr. Narendra Singh. Company has its registered office at Media House. B-861, Okhla Industrial Area. Phase-II, New Delhi, 110020, Delhi. Company has Arun Kishore amp Co. as its auditors. As on 31-12-2018, the company has a total of 26,329,091 shares outstanding. Alert Watchlist PortfolioGoogle yahoo Dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas Langsung ke: navigasi, cari Google Inc. Jenis Publik (NASDAQ: GOOG), (LSE: GGEA) Industri Internet, Perangkat lunak komputer Didirikan Flag of California. svgMenlo Park, California (7 September 19981) Kantor pusat Mountain View, California, Amerika Serikat Tokoh penting Eric E. Schmidt, CEODirektur Sergey Brin, Pendiri, Presiden Teknologi Larry E. Page, Pendiri, Presiden Produk George Reyes, CFO Produk Lihat daftar produk Google Pendapatan Green Arrow Up. svg 16,593 milyar USD (2007)2 Laba bersih Green Arrow Up. svg 4,203 milyar USD (2007)2 Karyawan 19.604 (30 Juni 2008)3 Situs web google Tampilan Google pada tahun 1998. Google Inc. (NASDAQ: GOOG dan LSE: GGEA) merupakan sebuah perusahaan publik Amerika Serikat, berperan dalam pencarian Internet dan iklan online. Perusahaan ini berbasis di Mountain View, California, dan memiliki karyawan berjumlah 19.604 orang (30 Juni 2008)34 Filosofi Google meliputi slogan seperti Dont be evil, dan Kerja harusnya menatang dan tantangan itu harusnya menyenangkan, menggambarkan budaya perusahaan yang santai. Google didirikan oleh Larry Page dan Sergey Brin ketika mereka masih mahasiswa di Universitas Stanford dan perusahaan ini merupakan perusahaan saham pribadi pada 7 September 1998. Penawaran umum perdananya dimulai pada tanggal 19 Agustus 2004, mengumpulkan dana 1,67 milyar, menjadikannya bernilai 23 milyar. Melalui berbagai jenis pengembangan produk baru, pengambil alihan dan mitra, perusahaan ini telah memperluas bisnis pencarian dan iklan awalnya hingga ke area lainnya, termasuk email berbasis web, pemetaan online, produktivitas perusahaan, dan bertukar video. Produk Artikel utama untuk bagian ini adalah: Daftar produk Google Antarmuka Gmail, layanan surat elektronik Google, dalam bahasa Indonesia. Google telah membuat layanan dan peralatan untuk lingkungan bisnis dan masyarakat termasuk aplikasi web, jaringan periklanan dan solusi bagi bisnis. sunting Periklanan Kebanyakan dari pendapatan Google berasal dari program periklanan. Untuk keuangan tahun 2006, perusahaan ini dilaporkan mendapat jumlah keuntungan periklanan sebesar 10,492 milyar dan hanya 112 juta pada pendapatan lisensi dan lainnya.5 Google AdWords membolehkan pengiklan web menampilkan iklannya dalam hasil pencarian Google dan Google Content Network, melalui sebuah sistem bayar-per-klik atau bayar-per-lihat. Pemilik website Google AdSense juga dapat menampilkan iklannya di situs mereka sendiri, dan mendapat untung setiap kali iklan diklik. sunting Aplikasi Google dikenal luas karena layanan pencarian webnya, yang mana merupakan sebuah faktor besar dari kesuksesan perusahaan ini. Pada Agustus 2007, Google merupakan mesin pencari di web yang paling sering digunakan dengan saham pasaran sebanyak 53,6, kemudian Yahoo (19,9) dan Live Search (12,9).6 Google memiliki milyaran halaman web, sehingga pengguna dapat mencari informasi yang mereka inginkan, melalui penggunaan kata kunci dan operator. Google juga telah menggunakan teknologi Pencarian Web pada layanan pencarian lainnya, termasuk, Pencarian Gambar, Google News, situs perbandingan harga Google Product Search, arsip Usenet interaktif Google Groups, Google Maps dan lainnya. Tahun 2004, Google meluncurkan layanan email berbasis web gratisnya, disebut sebagai Gmail.7 Gmail memiliki fitur teknologi penyaringan spam dan kemampuan untuk menggunakan teknologi Google untuk mencari email. Layanan ini mendatangkan keuntungan dengan menampilkan iklan dari layanan AdWords yang dimasukkan dalam isi pesan email yang ditampilkan di layar. Pada awal 2006, perusahaan ini meluncurkan Google Video, yang tidak hanya membolehkan pengguna untuk mencari dan melihat video secara gratis, tetapi juga membolehkan pengguna dan penyebar media menyebarkan isinya, termasuk acara-acara televisi CBS, pertandingan basket NBA, dan video musik.8 Bulan Agustus 2007, Google mengumumkan bahwa mereka akan menghentikan program penyewaan dan penjualan videonya dan menawarkan pengembalian uang dan kredit Google Checkout bagi pengguna yang telah membeli video untuk sendiri. Google juga telah membuat beberapa aplikasi desktop, termasuk Google Earth, sebuah program pemetaan interaktif yang disediakan oleh satelit dan fotografi udara yang mencakup keseluruhan planet Bumi. Google Earth dianggap sangat akurat dan lebih mendetil. Beberapa kota besar memiliki gambar jelas yang dapat dibesarkan sedekat-dekatnya untuk melihat kendaraan dan pejalan kaki dengan jelas. Akibatnya, terdapat beberapa alasan mengenai keterlibatan dalam keamanan nasional. Secara spesifik, beberapa negara dan militer beranggapan perangkat lunak ini dapat digunakan untuk melihat dengan kejelasan dekat-jelas lokasi fisik infrastruktur yang rusak, bangunan komersial dan penghunian, pangkalan, agensi pemerintah, dan lainnya. Bagaimanapun, gambar satelit jarang diperbarui, dan semuanya tersedia gratis melalui produk lainnya dan bahkan sumber pemerintah (NASA dan National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency, sebagai contoh). Beberapa orang menilai argumen ini dengan menyatakan bahwa Google Earth mudah diakses juga saat mencari lokasi. Beberapa produk lainnya tersedia melalui Google Labs, yang mana merupakan sebuah koleksi aplikasi yang belum selesai dan masih dalam tahap ujicoba agar dapat digunakan publik. Google telah mempromosikan produk mereka dalam berbagai cara. Di London, Google Space didirikan di Bandar Udara Heathrow, menampilkan berbagai produk, termasuk Gmail, Google Earth dan Picasa.910 Juga, sebuah halaman yang sama diluncurkan untuk mahasiswa Amerika, dibawah nama College Life, Powered by Google.11 Tahun 2007, beberapa laporan menyatakan bahwa Google merencanakan peluncuran telepon genggam milik mereka, kemungkinan sebuah pesaing bagi iPhone Apple.121314 Pada 5 November 2007, Google akhirnya mengumumkan Android, sebuah platform perangkat lunak dan sistem operasi bagi perangkat bergerak yang didukung Open Handset Alliance, sebuah konsorsium yang terdiri dari 34 perusahaan perangkat lunak, perangkat keras, dan telekomunikasi yang bertujuan mengembangkan standar terbuka bagi perangkat bergerak. Pada bulan September 2008, T-Mobile merilis ponsel pertama yang berjalan pada platform Android, yakni G1. Bulan Oktober 2007, layanan Google SMS diluncurkan di India dan membolehkan pengguna memperoleh daftar bisnis, jadwal pemutaran film dan informasi dengan mengirim pesan singkat.15 Google juga meluncurkan Google Chrome yaitu sebuah browser. Browser ini cukup cepat dan tampilannya minimalis sunting Produk turunan Tahun 2007, Google meluncurkan Google Apps Premier Edition, sebuah versi lain Google Apps yang difokuskan terutama pada pengguna bisnis. Produk ini memiliki beberapa tambahan seperti ruang disk lebih banyak untuk e-mail, akses API, dan penyokong utama, dengan harga USD50 per pengguna per tahun. Sebuah pertemuan besar Google Apps dengan 38.000 pengguna dilaksanakan di Universitas Lakehead di Thunder Bay, Ontario, Kanada.16 Pada 13 Desember 2007, Google mengumumkan peluncuran terbatas Knol, sebuah situs web yang ditujukan sebagai sumber referensi pengetahuan. Knol dibuka bebas kepada semua pengguna pada 23 Juli 2008. sunting Platform Artikel utama untuk bagian ini adalah: Platform Google Layanan Google berjalan pada beberapa ladang server, setiap ladang berisi ribuan komputer komoditas bertarif rendah yang menjalankan versi Linux. Sementara perusahaan ini tidak menyediakan informasi mendetil mengenai perangkat kerasnya, sebuah perhitungan tahun 2006 menyatakan bahwa terdapat 450.000 server, dikelompokkan dan diletakkan di pusat data di seluruh dunia.17 sunting Kebiasaan dan budaya perusahaan Google dikenal dengan etos kerjanya yang santai, yang mengingatkan kepada musim Dot-com. Bulan Januari 2007, budaya Google tersebut dipelajari oleh Fortune Magazine dan menempati urutan 1 (dari 100) perusahaan terbaik untuk bekerja.18 Filosofi perusahaan ini didasarkan pada berbagai prinsip biasa seperti, Anda dapat menghasilkan uang tanpa melakukan vandal, Anda dapat bekerja serius tanpa mengenakan seragam, dan Bekerja harusnya menantang dan tantangan itu harusnya menyenangkan. Sebuah daftar lengkap fundamental perusahaan tersedia di website-nya.19 Budaya bekerja santai Google dapat dilihat dari logo Google-nya yang bervariasi pada hari-hari penting. Google telah dikritik karena melakukan penggajian di bawah standar industri20. Contohnya, beberapa administrator sistem digaji kurang dari 35.000 per tahun 8211 dianggap kurang untuk pasaran kerja Bay Area.21 Bagaimanapun, performa saham Google setelah IPO telah membolehkan banyak karyawan awal diberi ganti rugi dengan berpartisipasi dalam pertumbuhan kekayaan perusahaan.22 Google mengimplementasikan insentif karyawan lainnya tahun 2005, seperti Google Founders Award, dengan tambahan untuk memberikan gaji besar kepada karyawan baru. Kenyamanan, budaya, popularitas global, dan penghargaan terhadap merek kuatnya juga telah menarik banyak pelamar kerja yang berpotensi. Setelah IPO pada Agustus 2004, dilaporkan bahwa pendiri Sergey Brin dan Larry Page, dan CEO Eric Schmidt, meminta bahwa gaji mereka dipotong menjadi 1.23 Penawaran yang akan datang oleh perusahaan untuk meningkatkan gaji mereka telah dibatalkan, terutama karena, ganti rugi utama mereka akan datang dari pengembalian kepemilikan saham di Google. Sebagai pemegang saham signifikan, kekayaan masing-masing dikaitkan secara langsung untuk menyeimbangkan performa dan apresiasi harga saham, yang menyediakan persilangan langsung dengan ketertarikan pemegang saham.23 Tahun 2004, Schmidt digaji 250.000 per tahun, dan Page dan Brin masing-masing digasji 150.000.23 Mereka semua telah menolak penawaran bonus dan peningkatan ganti rugi oleh dewan direktur Google. Pada laporan orang terkaya Amerika Serikat tahun 2007, Forbes melaporkan bahwa Sergey Brin dan Larry Page menempati urutan 5 dengan kekayaan 18,5 milyar masing-masing.24 sunting Googleplex Googleplex Artikel utama untuk bagian ini adalah: Googleplex Sambil bermain-main dengan nama Google, kantornya, di Mountain View, California, diberi nama Googleplex 8212 sebuah googolplex yaitu 1 diikuti seratus nol, dan kantor tersebut menjadi sebuah komplek bangunan (semacam multiplex, cineplex, dll). Lobinya didekorasi dengan piano, lampu lava, kumpulan server lama, dan proyeksi tanda tanya di dinding. Lorongnya penuh dengan bola dan sepeda latihan. Setiap karyawan memiliki akses menuju pusat hiburan kantor. Kebutuhan yang disediakan tersebar di seluruh kampus dan termasuk sebuah gimnasium dengan alat-alat olahraga, ruang loker, kamar mandi, ruang pijat, permainan video, Foosball, anak piano besar, meja bilyar, dan ping pong. Dengan tambahan menuju ruang rekreasi, terdapat ruang makan terisi berbagai sereal, permen beruang, gula-gula, permen hitam, kacang mede, yogurt, wortel, buah-buahan segar, dan lusinan minuman seperti jus segar, soda, dan cappuccino buatan sendiri. rujukan Papan letak di Googleplex Tahun 2006, Google berpindah ke perkantoran seluas 28.900 m178 di New York City, tepatnya 111 Eighth Ave. di Manhattan.25 Kantor tersebut dirancang dan dibangun khusus untuk Google dan merumahkan tim penjualan iklan terbesarnya yang telah berperan dalam menjaga kerjasama besar, terutama dengan MySpace dan AOL.25 Tahun 2003, mereka menambah seorang petugas pengembangan di New York City, yang telah bertanggung jawab untuk lebih dari 100 proyek pengembangan, termasuk Google Maps, Google Spreadsheet, dan lainnya.25 Diperkirakan bahwa bangunan tersebut menguras biaya 10 juta per tahun untuk sewa dan bentuk juga fungsinya sama dengan kantor di Mountain View, termasuk Foosball, hoki udara, dan meja ping-pong, juga area permainan video.25 Pada tahun 2006, Google juga meresmikan kantor baru untuk divisi AdWords-nya di Ann Arbor, Michigan.26 Ukuran sistem pencarian Google belum diketahui perkiraan jumlah server perusahaan adalah 450.000, yang tersebar di 25 lokasi di seluruh dunia, termasuk pusat operasi besar di Irlandia dan Atlanta, Georgia. Google juga sedang dalam proses pembangunan pusat operasi besar di The Dalles, Oregon, di tepi Sungai Columbia. Situs tersebut, disebut media sebagai Project 02, dipilih karena ketersediaan tenaga hidroelektrik dan stok kabel fiber optik besar, yang ditinggalkan sejak musim dot com pada tahun 1990-an. Pusat komputasi ini diperkirakan seluas dua lapangan sepak bola, dan telah menghasilkan ratusan lapangan kerja konstruksi, mengakibatkan harga real estat lokal meningkat 40. Setelah selesai, bangunan ini akan menghasilkan 60 hingga 200 lapangan kerja permanen di kota berpenduduk 12.000 orang itu.27 Google juga membuat langkah untuk menjamin operasi mereka ramah lingkungan. Bulan Oktober 2006, perusahaan ini mengumumkan rencana untuk memasang ribuan panel solar untuk menyediakan 1,6 megawatt listrik, cukup untuk memenuhi 30 kebutuhan energi kampus.28 Sistem ini akan menjadi sistem tenaga solar terbesar di kampus perusahaan AS dan salah satu yang terbesar di dunia. Bulan Juni 2007, Google mengumumkan bahwa mereka berencana untuk berstatus bebas karbon pada 2008, yang mencakup berinvestasi pada efisiensi energi, sumber energi yang diperbarui, dan tidak menggunakan karbon, seperti berinvestasi di proyek seperti mengumpulkan dan membakar metana dari kotoran hewan di pertanian-pertanian Meksiko dan Brazil.29 sunting Dua puluh persen waktu Semua pengembang Google menyisakan 20 waktu kerja mereka (sehari per minggu) pada proyek yang menarik mereka. Beberapa layanan baru Google, seperti Gmail, Google News, Orkut, dan AdSense berasal dari para pengembang independen ini.30 Dalam pembicaraan di Universitas Stanford, Marissa Mayer, Wakil Presiden Google untuk Produk Pencarian dan Kepuasan Pengguna, menyatakan bahwa analisisnya menunjukkan bahwa setengah dari produk baru yang diluncurkan berasal dari 20 waktu tersebut.31 sunting Telur paskah dan lawakan Hari April Mop Artikel utama untuk bagian ini adalah: Kebohongan Google Google memiliki sebuah tradisi untuk membuat lawakan Hari April Mop 8212 seperti Google MentalPlex, yang memiliki fitur penggunaan kekuatan mental untuk mencari web.32 Tahun 2002, mereka mengklaim bahwa merpati merupakan rahasia di belakang mesin pencarinya yang berkembang itu.33 Tahun 2004, mereka meluncurkan Google Lunar (yang diklaim untuk menghasilkan lowongan pekerjaan di bulan),34 dan tahun 2005, sebuah minuman fiksi perangsang otak, bernama Google Gulp diluncurkan.35 Tahun 2006, mereka datang dengan Google Ro mance, sebuah layanan kencan online.36 Tahun 2007, Google mengumumkan dua produk lawakan. Pertama adalah sebuah layanan Internet nirkabel gratis disebut TiSP (Toilet Internet Service Provider) 37 dimana seseorang memperoleh koneksi dengan menyiram ujung kabel fiber optik ke toilet mereka dan menunggu sekitar sejam untuk Plumbing Hardware Dispatcher (PHD) untuk menghubungkannya dengan Internet.37 Tambahannya, halaman Gmail Google menampilkan pengumuman untuk Gmail Paper, yang membolehkan pengguna layanan email gratis mereka tersebut mendapat pesan email-nya diterbitkan dan dikirim menuju alamat surat yang dituju.38 Beberapa orang mengira pengumuman Gmail tahun 2004 sekitar Hari April Mop (juga penggandaan ruang penyimpanan Gmail menjadi dua gigabita pada 2005) bohong, meskipun keduanya berubah menjadi pengumuman asli. Tahun 2005, sebuah grafik bohong menyatakan keberhasilan Google untuk penyimpanan tidak terbatas plus satu GB ditampilkan dalam homepage Gmail. Layanan Google berisi sejumlah telur Paskah contohnya, halaman Peralatan Bahasa menawarkan pencarian dengan bahasa Bork bork bork dari Koki Swedia, Hacker (sebenarnya leet) dari Pig Latin, Elmer Fudd, dan Klingon.39 Dengan tambahan, kalkulator mesin pencari ini menyediakan Answer to Life, the Universe, and Everything dari The Hitchhiker Guide to the Galaxy oleh Douglas Adams.40 Sementara kotak pencarian Google dapat digunakan sebagai penukar satuan (juga sebagai kalkulator), beberapa satuan non-standar juga dimasukkan, seperti Smoot. Google juga secara rutin merubah logonya dengan berbagai variasi liburan atau hari khusus sepanjang tahun, seperti Natal, Hari Ibu, atau ulang tahun sejumlah orang terkenal.41 sunting IPO dan budaya Banyak orang berspekulasi bahwa IPO Google dapat mempengaruhi budaya perusahaan,42 karena tekanan pemegang saham untuk pengurangan keuntungan karyawan dan jangka-pendek, atau karena jumlah karyawan perusahaan yang besar dapat menjadi milyuner mendadak. Salam sebuah laporan yang diberikan kepada investor berpotensi, pendiri Sergey Brin dan Larry Page berjanji bahwa IPO tersebut tidak akan merubah budaya perusahaan.43 Kemudian Page berkata, Kami berpikir mengenai bagaimana mempertahankan budaya dan elemen menyenangkan kami. Kami membuang banyak waktu untuk membetulkan kantor kami. Kami berpikir penting untuk memiliki banyak karyawan. Orang-orang dikumpulkan bersama di mana-mana. Kami semua berbagi kantor. Kami menyukai kumpulan bangunan ini karena terlihat seperti kampus universitas yang disatukan daripada sebuah taman perkantoran pinggiran kota biasa.44 Bagaimanapun, beberapa penganalis menemukan bahwa seiring Google tumbuh, perusahaan ini makin menjadi korporat. Tahun 2005, artikel di The New York Times dan sumber lainnya menyatakan bahwa Google telah kehilangan anti-korporatnya, tanpa filosofi asal454647 Dengan maksud untuk memepertahankan budaya unik perusahaan, Google telah menghasilkan seorang Chief Culture Officer pada 2006, yang juga melayani sebagai Direktur Sumber Daya Manusia. Kerja Chief Culture Officer adalah untuk membangun dan mempertahankan budaya dan kerja pada jalan yang benar menuju hasil inti bahwa perusahaan ini didirikan pada awalnya 8212 sebuah perusahaan kecil, langkanya hirarki, sebuah lingkungan yang kolaboratif.48 sunting Kritik Artikel utama untuk bagian ini adalah: Kritik terhadap Google Sambil bertumbuh, Google telah menerima berbagai kontroversi yang dikaitkan dengan praktik dan layanan bisnis mereka. Contohnya, tujuan Google Book Search adalah untuk memasukkan jutaan buku dan menjadikannya mudah dicari telah memimpin pada penyalahgunaan hak cipta dengan Authors Guild. Masalah hak cipta lainnya adalah mengenai Gmail di Inggris dan beberapa negara lainya. Sekarang, di berbagai belahan dunia, dikenal sebagai Google Mail. Kerjasama Google dengan pemerintah Cina, dan lebih jauh dengan Perancis dan Jerman (setelah penolakan Holocaust) untuk menyaring hasil pencarian berdasarkan hukum dan regulasi daerah yang memimpin kepada klaim penyensoran. Cookie Google dan praktik pengumpulan informasi lainnya telahmemimpin kepada masalah mengenai privasi pengguna. Beberapa pemerintah daerah India telah membicarakan masalah mengenai risiko keamanan yang ditampilkan oleh detil gambar yang disediakan oleh Google Earth.49 Google juga telah dikritik oleh pengiklan karena melakukan klik bayar, ketika seseorang digunakan untuk melakukan pembayaran pada sebuah iklan tanpa memiliki rasa ketertarikan terhadap produk tersebut. Laporan industri tahun 2006 mengklaim bahwa sekitar 14 hingga 20 persen klik merupakan pemaksaan bayar.50 History Main article: History of Google Google in 1998 The first iteration of Google production servers was built with inexpensive hardware and was designed to be very fault-tolerant Google began in January 1996 as a research project by Larry Page and Sergey Brin when they were both PhD students at Stanford University in California.22 While conventional search engines ranked results by counting how many times the search terms appeared on the page, the two theorized about a better system that analyzed the relationships between websites.23 They called this new technology PageRank, where a websites relevance was determined by the number of pages, and the importance of those pages, that linked back to the original site.24 A small search engine called Rankdex was already exploring a similar strategy.25 Page and Brin originally nicknamed their new search engine BackRub, because the syste m checked backlinks to estimate the importance of a site.2627 Eventually, they changed the name to Google, originating from a misspelling of the word googol,2829 the number one followed by one hundred zeros, which was meant to signify the amount of information the search engine was to handle. Originally, Google ran under the Stanford University website, with the domain google. stanford. edu. The domain google was registered on September 15, 1997,30 and the company was incorporated on September 4, 1998, at a friends garage in Menlo Park, California. Financing and initial public offering The first funding for Google was an August 1998 contribution of US100,000 from Andy Bechtolsheim, co-founder of Sun Microsystems, given before Google was even incorporated.31 On June 7, 1999, a 25 million round of funding was announced,32 with major investors including the venture capital firms Kleiner Perkins Caufield Byers and Sequoia Capital.31 Googles initial public offering took place five years later on August 19, 2004. The company offered 19,605,052 shares at a price of 85 per share.3334 Shares were sold in a unique online auction format using a system built by Morgan Stanley and Credit Suisse, underwriters for the deal.3536 The sale of 1.67 billion gave Google a market capitalization of more than 23 billion.37 The vast majority of the 271 million shares remained under the control of Google, and many Google employees became instant paper millionaires. ياهو. a competitor of Google, also benefited because it owned 8.4 million shares of Google before the IPO took place.38 The stocks performance after the IPO went well, with shares hitting 700 for the first time on October 31, 2007,39 primarily because of strong sales and earnings in the online advertising market.40 The surge in stock price was fueled mainly by individual investors, as opposed to large institutional investors and mutual funds.40 The company is now listed on the NASDAQ stock exchange under the ticker symbol GOOG and under the Frankfurt Stock Exchange under the ticker symbol GGQ1. Growth In March 1999, the company moved its offices to Palo Alto, California, home to several other noted Silicon Valley technology startups.41 The next year, against Page and Brins initial opposition toward an advertising-funded search engine,42 Google began selling advertisements associated with search keywords.22 In order to maintain an uncluttered page design and increase speed, advertisements were solely text-based. Keywords were sold based on a combination of price bids and clickthroughs, with bidding starting at five cents per click.22 This model of selling keyword advertising was first pioneered by Goto, an Idealab spin off created by Bill Gross.4344 When the company changed names to Overture Services, it sued Google over alleged infringements of the companys pay-per-click and bidding patents. Overture Services would later be bought by Yahoo and renamed Yahoo Search Marketing. The case was then settled out of court, with Google agreeing to issue shares of common stock to Yahoo in exchange for a perpetual license.45 During this time, Google was granted a patent describing their PageRank mechanism.46 The patent was officially assigned to Stanford University and lists Lawrence Page as the inventor. In 2003, after outgrowing two other locations, the company leased their current office complex from Silicon Graphics at 1600 Amphitheatre Parkway in Mountain View, California.47 The complex has since come to be known as the Googleplex, a play on the word googolplex, the number one followed by a googol zeroes. Three years later, Google would buy the property from SGI for 319 million.48 By that time, the name Google had found its way into everyday language, causing the verb google to be added to the Merriam Webster Collegiate Dictionary and the Oxford English Dictionary, denoted as to use the Google search engine to obtain information on the Internet.4950 Acquisitions and partnerships See also: List of acquisitions by Google Since 2001, Google has acquired many companies, mainly focusing on small venture capital companies. In 2004, Google acquired Keyhole, Inc..51 The start-up company developed a product called Earth Viewer that gave a 3-D view of the Earth. Google renamed the service to Google Earth in 2005. Two years later, Google bought the online video site YouTube for 1.65 billion in stock.52 On April 13, 2007, Google reached an agreement to acquire DoubleClick for 3.1 billion, giving Google valuable relationships that DoubleClick had with Web publishers and advertising agencies.53 Later that same year, Google purchased GrandCentral for 50 million.54 The site would later be changed over to Google Voice. On August 5, 2009, Google bought out its first public company, purchasing video software maker On2 Technologies for 106.5 million.55 Google also acquired Aardvark, a social network search engine, for 50 million. Google commented in their internal blog, were looking forward to collaborating to see where we can take it.56 And, in April 2018, Google announced it had acquired a hardware startup, Agnilux.57 In addition to the numerous companies Google has purchased, the company has partnered with other organizations for everything from research to advertising. In 2005, Google partnered with NASA Ames Research Center to build 1,000,000 square feet (93,000 m2) of offices.58 The offices would be used for research projects involving large-scale data management, nanotechnology, distributed computing, and the entrepreneurial space industry. Later that year, Google entered into a partnership with Sun Microsystems in October 2005 to help share and distribute each others technologies.59 The company also partnered with AOL of Time Warner,60 to enhance each others video search services. Googles 2005 partnerships also included financing the new. mobi top-level domain for mobile devices, along with other companies including Microsoft, Nokia, and Ericsson.61 Google would later launch Adsense for Mobile, taking advantage of the emerging mobile advertising market.62 Increasing their advertising reach even further, Google and Fox Interactive Media of News Corp. entered into a 900 million agreement to provide search and advertising on popular social networking site MySpace.63 In 2007, Google began sponsoring NORAD Tracks Santa, a service that pretends to follow Santa Claus progress on Christmas eve.646566 Though AOL had previously been the sponsor and key partner for the program, Google displaced the Time Warner company, using Google Earth to track Santa in 3-D for the first time.67 Furthermore, video sharing site YouTube, owned by Google, gave NORAD Tracks Santa its own channel as part of the partnership.68 In 2008, Google developed a partnership with GeoEye to launch a sat ellite providing Google with high-resolution (0.41 m monochrome, 1.65 m color) imagery for Google Earth. The satellite was launched from Vandenberg Air Force Base on September 6, 2008.69 Google also announced in 2008 that it was hosting a archive of Life Magazines photographs as part of its latest partnership. Some of the images in the archive were never published in the magazine.70 The photos were watermarked and originally had copyright notices posted on all photos, regardless of public domain status.71 In 2018, Google makes its first investment in a renewable-energy project, putting up 38.8 million into two wind farms in North Dakota. The company announced the funding at the two locations will generate 169.5 megawatts of power, or enough to supply 55,000 homes. The farms, which were developed by NextEra Energy Resources, will reduce fossil fuel use in the region and return profits. 113 turbines can adjust the pitch to take advantage of wind direction and a computerized control system optimizes maintenance and performance of the windmills. NextEra Energy Resources sold Google a 20 percent stake in the project to get access to capital for project development.72 Google adds future predictions to its ever growing arm of investment. Recorded Future is a search engine that searches for ccurrences that are expected or predicted to happen tomorrow and beyond. The search engine has three input boxes that are what, whowhere, and when, presenting text search results, charts, or timelines.73 Products and services Google appliance as shown at RSA Conference 2008 Main article: List of Google products Advertising Ninety-nine percent of Googles revenue is derived from its advertising programs.74 For the 2006 fiscal year, the company reported 10.492 billion in total advertising revenues and only 112 million in licensing and other revenues.75 Google has implemented various innovations in the online advertising market that helped propel them to one of the biggest advertisers in the market. Using technology from the company DoubleClick, Google can determine user interests and target advertisements appropriately so they are relevant to the context they are in and the user that is viewing them.7677 Google Analytics allows website owners to track where and how people use their website, allowing for in-depth research into getting users to go where you want them to go.78 Google advertisements can be placed on third-party websites in a two-part program. Googles AdWords allows advertisers to display their advertisements in the Google content network, through either a cost-per-click or cost-per-view scheme. The sister service, Google AdSense, allows website owners to display these advertisements on their website, and earn money every time ads are clicked.79 One of the disadvantages and criticisms of this program is Googles inability to combat click fraud, when a person or automated script clicks on advertisements without being interested in the product, just to earn money for the website owner. Industry reports in 2006 claim that approximately 14 to 20 percent of clicks were in fact fraudulent or invalid.80 In June 2008, Google reached an advertising agreement with Yahoo. which would have allowed Yahoo to feature Google advertisements on their web pages. The alliance between the two companies was never completely realized due to antitrust concerns by the U. S. Department of Justice. As a result, Google pulled out of the deal in November 2008.8182 Search engine Googles search engine in April 2018. The Google web search engine is the companys most popular service. According to market research published by comScore in November 2009, Google is the dominant search engine in the United States market, with a market share of 65.6.83 Google indexes billions of Web pages, so that users can search for the information they desire, through the use of keywords and operators. This basic search engine has spread to specific services as well, including an image search engine, the Google News search site, Google Maps, and more. In early 2006, the company launched Google Video, which allowed users to upload, search, and watch videos from the Internet.84 In 2009, however, uploads to Google Video were discontinued.85 The company even developed Google Desktop, a desktop search application used to search for files local to ones computer. One of the more controversial search services Google hosts is Google Books. The company began scanning books and uploading limited previews, and full books where allowed, into their new book search engine. However, a number of copyright disputes arose, and Google reached a revised settlement in 2009 to limit its scans to books from the U. S. the U. K. Australia and Canada.86 Furthermore, the Paris Civil Court ruled against Google in late 2009, asking them to remove the works of La Martinire (ditions du Seuil) from their database.87 In competition with Amazon, Google plans to sell digital versions of new books.88 Productivity tools In addition to its standard web search services, Google has released over the years a number of online productivity tools. Gmail, a free webmail service provided by Google, was launched as an invitation-only beta program on April 1, 2004,89 and became available to the general public on February 7, 2007.90 The service was upgraded from beta status on July 7, 2009,91 at which time it had 146 million users monthly.92 The service would be the first online email service with one gigabyte of storage, and the first to keep emails from the same conversation together in one thread, similar to an Internet forum.89 The service currently offers over 7400 MB of free storage with additional storage ranging from 20 GB to 16 TB available for US5 to 4,056 per year.93 Furthermore, software developers know Gmail for its pioneering use of AJAX, a programming technique that allows web pages to be interactive without refreshing the browser.94 Google Docs, another part of Googles productivity suite, allows users to create, edit, and collaborate on documents in an online environment, not dissimilar to Microsoft Word. The service was originally called Writely, but was obtained by Google on March 9, 2006, where it was released as an invitation-only preview.95 On June 6 after the acquisition, Google created an experimental spreadsheet editing program,96 which would be combined with Google Docs on October 10.97 A program to edit presentations would complete the set on September 17, 2007,98 before all three services were taken out of beta along with Gmail on July 7, 2009.91 Google Calendar, a calendar program closely integrated with Gmail,99 was also taken out of beta that day after its beta release on April 12, 2006.100 Other products Google Translate is a server-side machine translation service, which can translate between 35 different languages. Browser extensions allow for easy access to Google Translate from the browser. The software uses corpus linguistics techniques, where the program learns from professionally translated documents, specifically United Nations and European Parliament proceedings.101 Furthermore, a suggest a better translation feature accompanies the translated text, allowing users to indicate where the current translation is incorrect or otherwise inferior to another translation. In 2007, some reports surfaced that Google was planning the release of its own mobile phone, possibly a competitor to Apples iPhone.102103104 The project, called Android, turned out not to be a phone but an operating system for mobile devices, which Google acquired and then released as an open-source project under the Apache 2.0 license.105 Google provides a standard development kit for developers so applications can be created to be run on Android-based phone. In September 2008, T-Mobile released the G1, the first Android-based phone.106 More than a year later on January 5, 2018, Google released an Android phone under its own company name called the Nexus One.107 Other projects Google has worked on include a new collaborative communication service, a web browser, and even a mobile operating system. The first of these was first announced on May 27, 2009. Google Wave was described as a product that helps users communicate and collaborate on the web. The service is Googles email redesigned, with realtime editing, the ability to embed audio, video, and other media, and extensions that further enhance the communication experience. Google Wave is currently in a developers preview, where interested users must be invited to test the service. On September 1, 2008, Google pre-announced the upcoming availability of Google Chrome, an open-source web browser,108 which was then released on September 2, 2008. The next year, on 7 July 2009, Google announced Google Chrome OS, an open-source Linux-based operating system that includes only a web browser and is designed to log users into their Google account.109110 Enterprise products Google entered the enterprise market in February 2002 with the launch of its Google Search Appliance, targeted toward providing search technology to larger organizations.111 Providing search for a smaller document repository, Google launched the Mini in 2005. Late in 2006, Google began to sell Custom Search Business Edition, providing customers with an advertising-free window into Googles index.112 In 2008, Google re-branded its next version of Custom Search Business Edition as Google Site Search.112 In 2007, Google launched Google Apps Premier Edition, a version of Google Apps targeted primarily at the business user. It includes such extras as more disk space for e-mail, API access, and premium support, for a price of 50 per user per year. A large implementation of Google Apps with 38,000 users is at Lakehead University in Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada.113 Also in 2007, Google acquired Postini114 and continued to sell the acquired technology115 as Google Security Services.116 Corporate affairs and culture Left to right, Eric E. Schmidt, Sergey Brin and Larry Page Google is known for its informal corporate culture, of which the many playful variation on the Google logo are an indicator. In 2007 and 2008, Fortune Magazine placed Google at the top of its list of the hundred best places to work.20 Googles corporate philosophy embodies such casual principles as you can make money without doing evil, you can be serious without a suit, and work should be challenging and the challenge should be fun.117 Google has been criticized for having salaries below industry standards.118 For example, some system administrators earn no more than 35,000 per year 8211 considered to be quite low for the Bay Area job market.119 However, Googles stock performance following its IPO has enabled many early employees to be competitively compensated by participation in the corporations remarkable equity growth.120 After the companys IPO in August 2004, it was reported that founders Sergey Brin and Larry Page, and CEO Eric Schmidt, requested that their base salary be cut to 1.121 Subsequent offers by the company to increase their salaries have been turned down, primarily because, their primary com pensation continues to come from returns on their ownership stakes in Google. As significant stockholders, their personal wealth is tied directly to sustained stock price appreciation and performance, which provides direct alignment with stockholder interests.121 Prior to 2004, Schmidt was making 250,000 per year, and Page and Brin each earned a salary of 150,000.dubious 8211 discuss121 They have all declined recent offers of bonuses and increases in compensation by Googles board of directors. In a 2007 report of the United States richest people, Forbes reported that Sergey Brin and Larry Page were tied for 5 with a net worth of 18.5 billion each.122 In 2007 and through early 2008, Google has seen the departure of several top executives. Gideon Yu, former chief financial officer of YouTube, a Google unit, joined Facebook123 along with Benjamin Ling, a high-ranking engineer, who left in October 2007.124 In March 2008, two senior Google leaders announced their desire to pursue other opportunities. Sheryl Sandburg, ex-VP of global online sales and operations began her position as COO of Facebook125 while Ash ElDifrawi, former head of brand advertising, left to become CMO of Netshops Inc.126 Googles persistent cookie and other information collection practices have led to concerns over user privacy. As of December 11, 2007, Google, like the Microsoft search engine, stores personal information for 18 months and by comparison, AOL (Time Warner) retains search requests for 13 months,127 and Yahoo 90 days.128 U. S. District Court Judge Louis Stanton, on July 1, 2008 ordered Google to give YouTube user data log to Viacom to support its case in a billion-dollar copyright lawsuit against Google.129130 Google and Viacom, however, on July 14, 2008, agreed in compromise to protect YouTube users personal data in the 1 billion copyright lawsuit. Google agreed it will make user information and Internet protocol addresses from its YouTube subsidiary anonymous before handing over the data to Viacom. The privacy deal also applied to other litigants including the FA Premier League, the Rodgers Hammerstein Organisation and the Scottish Premier League.131132 The deal however did not extend the anonymity to employees, since Viacom would prove that Google staff are aware of uploading of illegal material to the site. The parties therefore will further meet on the matter lest the data be made available to the court.133 Googleplex The Googleplex Main article: Googleplex Googles headquarters in Mountain View, California is referred to as the Googleplex in a play of words a googolplex being 1010100, or a one followed by a googol of zeros, and the HQ being a complex of buildings (cf. multiplex, cineplex, etc). The lobby is decorated with a piano, lava lamps, old server clusters, and a projection of search queries on the wall. The hallways are full of exercise balls and bicycles. Each employee has access to the corporate recreation center. Recreational amenities are scattered throughout the campus and include a workout room with weights and rowing machines, locker rooms, washers and dryers, a massage room, assorted video games, foosball, a baby grand piano, a pool table, and ping pong. In addition to the rec room, there are snack rooms stocked with various foods and drinks.134 Sign at the Googleplex In 2006, Google moved into 311,000 square feet (28,900 m2) of office space in New York City, at 111 Eighth Ave. in Manhattan.135 The office was specially designed and built for Google and houses its largest advertising sales team, which has been instrumental in securing large partnerships, most recently deals with MySpace and AOL.135 In 2003, they added an engineering staff in New York City, which has been responsible for more than 100 engineering projects, including Google Maps, Google Spreadsheets, and others.135 It is estimated that the building costs Google 10 million per year to rent and is similar in design and functionality to its Mountain View headquarters, including foosball, air hockey, and ping-pong tables, as well as a video game area.135 In November 2006, Google opened offices on Carnegie Mellons campus in Pittsburgh.136 By late 2006, Google also established a new headquarters for its AdWords division in Ann Arbor, Michigan.137 Furthermore, Google has offices all around the world, and in the United States, including Atlanta, Austin, Boulder, San Francisco, Seattle, and Washington DC . Google is taking steps to ensure that their operations are environmentally sound. In October 2006, the company announced plans to install thousands of solar panels to provide up to 1.6 megawatts of electricity, enough to satisfy approximately 30 of the campus energy needs.138 The system will be the largest solar power system constructed on a U. S. corporate campus and one of the largest on any corporate site in the world.138 Google has faced accusations in Harpers Magazine139 of being extremely excessive with their energy usage, and were accused of employing their Dont be evil motto as well as their very public energy saving campaigns as means of trying to cover up or make up for the massive amounts of energy their servers actually require. In 2009 Google announced it was deploying herds of goats to keep grassland around the Googleplex short, helping to prevent the threat from seasonal bush fires while also reducing the carbon footprint of mowing the extensive grounds.140141 Innovation Time Off As a motivation technique (usually called Innovation Time Off), all Google engineers are encouraged to spend 20 of their work time (one day per week) on projects that interest them. Some of Googles newer services, such as Gmail, Google News, Orkut, and AdSense originated from these independent endeavors.142 In a talk at Stanford University, Marissa Mayer, Googles Vice President of Search Products and User Experience, stated that her analysis showed that 50 of the new product launches originated from the 20 time.143 Easter eggs and April Fools Day jokes Main article: Googles hoaxes Google has a tradition of creating April Fools Day jokes8212such as Google MentalPlex, which allegedly featured the use of mental power to search the web.144 In 2002, they claimed that pigeons were the secret behind their growing search engine.145 In 2004, they featured Google Lunar (which claimed to feature jobs on the moon),146 and in 2005, a fictitious brain-boosting drink, termed Google Gulp was announced.147 In 2006, they came up with Google Romance, a hypothetical online dating service.148 In 2007, Google announced two joke products. The first was a free wireless Internet service called TiSP (Toilet Internet Service Provider)149 in which one obtained a connection by flushing one end of a fiber-optic cable down their toilet and waiting only an hour for a Plumbing Hardware Dispatcher (PHD) to connect it to the Internet.149 Additionally, Googles Gmail page displayed an announcement for Gmail Paper, which allows users of their free email service to have email messages printed and shipped to a snail mail address.150 In 2018, for April Fools Day, Google jokingly changed its company name to Topeka.151152 This was in honor of Topeka, Kansas, the mayor of which actually changed its name to Google for a short amount of time in an attempt to sway Googles decision in its new Google Fiber Project. Googles services contain a number of Easter eggs for instance, the Language Tools page offers the search interface in the Swedish Chefs Bork bork bork, Pig Latin, Hacker (actually leetspeak), Elmer Fudd, and Klingon.153 In addition, the search engine calculator provides the Answer to the Ultimate Question of Life, the Universe, and Everything from Douglas Adams The Hitchhikers Guide to the Galaxy.154 As Google8217s search box can be used as a unit converter (as well as a calculator), some non-standard units are built in, such as the Smoot. A newly discovered easter egg is the spell-checkers result for the properly spelled word recursion. The spell-checker built into Google search returns Did you mean: recursion in a recursive link back to the same page.155 In Google Maps, searching for directions between places, such as Los Angeles and Tokyo results in one direction being kayak across the Pacific Ocean. Google also routinely modifies its logo in accordance with various holidays or special events throughout the year, such as Christmas, Mothers Day, or the birthdays of various notable individuals.156 Other logo switches are based on search terms. For instance, if the term ascii art (all lower-case required) is searched, an ASCII art version of the Google logo will appear next to the search box.157 IPO and culture Many people speculated that Googles IPO would inevitably lead to changes in the companys culture,158 because of shareholder pressure for employee benefit reductions and short-term advances, or because a large number of the companys employees would suddenly become millionaires on paper. In a report given to potential investors, co-founders Sergey Brin and Larry Page promised that the IPO would not change the companys culture.159 Later Mr. Page said, We think a lot about how to maintain our culture and the fun elements. We spent a lot of time getting our offices right. We think its important to have a high density of people. People are packed together everywhere. We all share offices. We like this set of buildings because its more like a densely packed university campus than a typical suburban office park.160 However, in 2005, articles in The New York Times and other sources began suggesting that Google had lost its anti-corporate, no evil philosophy.161162163 In an effort to maintain the companys unique culture, Google has designated a Chief Culture Officer in 2006, who also serves as the Director of Human Resources. The purpose of the Chief Culture Officer is to develop and maintain the culture and work on ways to keep true to the core values that the company was founded on in the beginning8212a flat organization with a collaborative environment.164 Google has faced allegations of sexism and ageism from former employees.165166 Philanthropy Main article: Google. org In 2004, Google formed a not for-profit philanthropic wing, Google. org, with a start-up fund of 1 billion.167 The express mission of the organization is to create awareness about climate change, global public health, and global poverty. One of its first projects is to develop a viable plug-in hybrid electric vehicle that can attain 100 mpg. The founder is Dr Larry Brilliant168 and the current director is Megan Smith.169 In 2008 Google announced its project 10100 which accepted ideas for how to help the community and then will allow Google users to vote on their favorites.170 Network neutrality Google is a noted supporter of network neutrality. According to Googles Guide to Net Neutrality: Network neutrality is the principle that Internet users should be in control of what content they view and what applications they use on the Internet. The Internet has operated according to this neutrality principle since its earliest days. Fundamentally, net neutrality is about equal access to the Internet. In our view, the broadband carriers should not be permitted to use their market power to discriminate against competing applications or content. Just as telephone companies are not permitted to tell consumers who they can call or what they can say, broadband carriers should not be allowed to use their market power to control activity online.171 On February 7, 2006, Vinton Cerf, a co-inventor of the Internet Protocol (IP), and current Vice President and Chief Internet Evangelist at Google, in testimony before Congress, said, allowing broadband carriers to control what people see and do online would fundamentally undermine the principles that have made the Internet such a success.172 Google Guys Left: Sergey Brin. Right: Larry Page The term Google Guys refers to the founders of Google, Sergey Brin and Larry Page. The term applies to them as a group because their fortunes are directly linked with the success of Google, since they both hold a roughly equal number of the companys shares and therefore have the same voting power, and they are considered to have roughly the same amount of influence over the company. 173 The nickname originated from a Playboy interview with the duo in September 2004, in an article entitled Google Guys, Americas Newest Billionaires. This was the first interview that the duo gave after Googles initial public offering in the previous month, which made them both billionaires. Because of the IPO, they were both more open about the companys history and policies than they had been in previous interviews. Googles CEO, Eric E. Schmidt, also wields considerable power over the company and is sometimes included among the Guys. However, his net worth is considerably less than that of the two founders of Google.174 Following Googles IPO, in 2004, the net worth of both individuals was a reported US4 billion, tying them with each other as the 43rd richest Americans. The following year, their wealth grew to 11 billion each. 175 They each lost 1 billion in wealth in 2006 when Google performed a stock sell-off. 176 The two typically diversify their net worth outside of the company. From 2004 to 2006, they each sold about 7.2 million Google shares as part of an 18-month diversification plan, giving them each 1.22 billion, making them billionaires in terms of real money rather than in shares only. After the sale, the Google Guys each still held 81.1 of their stock holdings. Together with company CEO Schmidt, they now hold 27 of Googles outstanding shares, and 40.4 of the voting power.177dated info In 2018, Forbes magazine listed both individuals as the 24th richest people in the world, with a net worth of 17.5 billion each.178 The two were chosen as ABC Newss People of the Year for 2004.179 Google From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search This article is about the corporation. For the search engine, see Google search. For the number 10100, see Googol. For other uses, see Google (disambiguation). This article is semi-protected. Google Inc. Newgooglelogo. png Type Public (NASDAQ: GOOG, FWB: GGQ1) Industry Internet, Computer software Founded Menlo Park, California (September 4, 1998 (1998-09-04))1 Founder(s) Sergey M. Brin Lawrence E. Page Headquarters Mountain View, California, United States Area served Worldwide Key people Eric E. Schmidt (Chairman CEO) Sergey M. Brin (Technology President) Lawrence E. Page (Products President) Products See list of Google products. Revenue 9650US23.651 billion (2009)23 Operating income 9650US8.312 billion (2009)23 Profit 9650US6.520 billion (2009)23 Total assets 9650US40.497 billion (2009)23 Total equity 9650US36.004 billion (2009)3 Employees 20,621 (2018)4 Subsidiaries YouTube, DoubleClick, GrandCentral, Picnik Website Google Google Inc. (NASDAQ: GOOG, FWB: GGQ1) is a multinational public cloud computing and Internet search technologies corporation. Google hosts and develops a number of Internet-based services and products,5 and generates profit primarily from advertising through its AdWords program.26 The company was founded by Larry Page and Sergey Brin, often dubbed the Google Guys,78910 while the two were attending Stanford University as Ph. D. candidates. It was first incorporated as a privately held company on September 4, 1998, with its initial public offering to follow on August 19, 2004. The companys stated mission from the outset was to organize the worlds information and make it universally accessible and useful,11 and the companys unofficial slogan 8211 coined by Google engineer Paul Buchheit 8211 is Dont be evil.1213 In 2006, the company moved to their current headquarters in Mountain View, California. Google runs over one million servers in data centers around the world,14 and processes over one billion search requests15 and twenty petabytes of user-generated data every day.161718 Googles rapid growth since its incorporation has triggered a chain of products, acquisitions and partnerships beyond the companys core search engine. The company offers online productivity software, such as its Gmail e-mail software, and social networking tools, including Orkut and, more recently, Google Buzz. Googles products extend to the desktop as well, with applications such as the web browser Google Chrome, the Picasa photo organization and editing software, and the Google Talk instant messaging application. More notably, Google leads the development of the Android mobile phone operating system, used on a number of HTC phones such as the Nexus One and Droid Eris. Because of its popularity and numerous products, Alexa lists Google as the Internets most visited website.19 Google is also Fortune Magazines fourth best place to work,20 and BrandZs most powerful brand in the world.21 However, the company has also faced criticism over issues relating to the privacy of personal information, copyright, and censorship. Yahoo Dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas (Dialihkan dari Yahoo) Langsung ke: navigasi, cari Yahoo Inc. Logo Yahoo Jenis Public (NASDAQ: YHOO) Industri Internet Piranti lunak Didirikan Santa Clara, California (March 1, 1995) Pendiri Jerry Yang David Filo Kantor pusat 701 First Avenue Sunnyvale, California, United States Daerah layanan Seluruh dunia Tokoh penting Carol Bartz (CEO) Roy J. Bostock (Chairman) Jerry Yang (Co-founder) David Filo (Co-founder) Produk See list of Yahoo products. Pendapatan Red Arrow Down. svgUS6,460 miliar (2009)1 Laba operasional Red Arrow Down. svg3,589 miliar (2009)1 Laba bersih Green Arrow Up Darker. svg597,99 juta (2009)1 Aset total Green Arrow Up Darker. svg14,936 miliar (2009)1 Ekuitas total Green Arrow Up Darker. svg12,493 miliar (2009)1 Karyawan 13.900 (Q4 2009)2 Anak perusahaan List of acquisitions by Yahoo Situs web yahoo Yahoo adalah sebuah portal web populer yang dioperasikan perusahaan yang bernama Yahoo Inc. yang dirintis oleh oleh David Filo dan Jerry Yang. Yahoo pada awalnya hanyalah semacam bookmark (petunjuk halaman buku), ide itu berawal pada bulan April 1994, saat itu dua orang alumni Universitas Stanford mendapat liburan ketika profesor mereka pergi ke luar kota karena cuti besar. Dua mahasiswa teknik tersebut mempunyai sedikit pekerjaan yang harus dilakukan selain menjelajah internet. Mereka tidak membutuhkan waktu lama untuk mengkompilasi sebuah daftar bookmark yang besar, yang dikelompokkan berdasarkan subyek. Kemudian mereka berpikir untuk memasukannya di web, dan mulai bekerja membuat sebuah program database untuk menanganinya sehingga dapat memberikan hasil secara online. Koleksi bookmark tersebut, sekarang dikenal sebagai Yahoo. menerima sejumlah 80 juta pengunjung setiap bulan (sensus tahun 2000) Yahoo From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Yahoo) Jump to: navigation, search This article is about the corporation. For other uses, see Yahoo (disambiguation). Yahoo Inc. Yahoo Logo. svg Type Public (NASDAQ: YHOO) Industry Internet, Computer software Founded Santa Clara, California (March 1, 1995) Founder(s) Jerry Yang David Filo Headquarters Sunnyvale, California, United States Area served Worldwide Key people Carol Bartz (CEO) Roy J. Bostock (Chairman) Jerry Yang (Co-founder) David Filo (Co-founder) Products See list of Yahoo products. Revenue 9660 6.460 billion (2009)1 Operating income 9660 3.589 billion (2009)1 Profit 9650 597.99 million (2009)1 Total assets 9650 14.936 billion (2009)1 Total equity 9650 12.493 billion (2009)1 Employees 13,900 (Q4 2009)2 Subsidiaries List of acquisitions by Yahoo Website Yahoo Yahoo Inc. (NASDAQ: YHOO) is an American public corporation headquartered in Sunnyvale, California, (in Silicon Valley), that provides Internet services worldwide. The company is perhaps best known for its web portal, search engine (Yahoo Search), Yahoo Directory, Yahoo Mail, Yahoo News, advertising, online mapping (Yahoo Maps), video sharing (Yahoo Video), and social media websites and services. As of January, 2018, Yahoo held the worlds largest market share in online display advertising. JP Morgan put the company8217s US market share for display ads at 17, well ahead of No. 2 Microsoft at 11 and AOL at 7.3 Yahoo was founded by Jerry Yang and David Filo in January 1994 and was incorporated on March 1, 1995. On January 13, 2009, Yahoo appointed Carol Bartz, former executive chairperson of Autodesk, as its new chief executive officer and a member of the board of directors.4 According to Web traffic analysis companies (including Compete, comScore,5 Alexa Internet,6 Netcraft,7 and Nielsen ratings8), the domain yahoo attracted at least 1.575 billion visitors annually by 2008.9 The global network of Yahoo websites receives 3.4 billion page views per day on average as of October 2007update. History and growth edit Early history (199482111999) Yahoo co-founders Jerry Yang (left) and David Filo (right) In January 1994, Jerry Yang and David Filo were Electrical Engineering graduate students at Stanford University. In April 1994, Jerry and Davids Guide to the World Wide Web was renamed Yahoo, for which the official backronym is Yet Another Hierarchical Officious Oracle.1011 Filo and Yang said they selected the name because they liked the words general definition, which comes from Gullivers Travels by Jonathan Swift: rude, unsophisticated and uncouth.12 Its URL was akebono. stanford. eduyahoo.13 The Yahoo domain was created on January 18, 1995.14 Yang and Filo realized their website had massive business potential, and on March 1, 1995, Yahoo was incorporated.15 On April 5, 1995, Michael Moritz of Sequoia Capital provided Yahoo with two rounds of venture capital, raising approximately 3 million.1617 On April 12, 1996, Yahoo had its initial public offering, raising 33.8 million, by selling 2.6 million shares at 13 each. Like many web search engines and web directories, Yahoo diversified into a web portal. In the late 1990s, Yahoo. MSN, Lycos, Excite and other Web portals were growing rapidly. Web portal providers rushed to acquire companies to expand their range of services, in the hope of increasing the time a user stayed at the portal. On March 8, 1997, Yahoo acquired online communications company Four11. Four11s webmail service, RocketMail, became Yahoo Mail. Yahoo also acquired ClassicGames and turned it into Yahoo Games. Yahoo then acquired direct marketing company Yoyodyne Entertainment, Inc. on October 12. On March 8, 1998, Yahoo launched Yahoo Pager,18 an instant messaging service that was renamed Yahoo Messenger a year later. On January 28, 1999, Yahoo acquired web hosting provider GeoCities. Another company Yahoo acquired was eGroups, which became Yahoo Groups after the acquisition on June 28, 2000. Yahoo headquarters in Sunnyvale edit Dot-com bubble (200082112001) Yahoo stock doubled in price in the last month of 1999.19 On January 3, 2000, at the height of the Dot-com boom, Yahoo stocks closed at an all-time high of 118.75 a share. Sixteen days later, shares in Yahoo Japan became the first stocks in Japanese history to trade at over 165100,000,000, reaching a price of 165101.4 million (94,780 at that time).20 On February 7, 2000, the Yahoo domain was brought to a halt for a few hours as it was the victim of a distributed denial of service attack (DDoS).21 On the next day, its shares rose about 16, or 4.5 percent as the failure was blamed on hackers rather than on an internal glitch, unlike a fault with eBay earlier that year. During the dot-com boom, the cable news station CNBC also reported that Yahoo and eBay were discussing a 5050 merger.22 Although the merger never materialized the two companies decided to form a marketingadvertising alliance six years later in 2006.23 On June 26, 2000, Yahoo and Google signed an agreement which retained Google as the default worldwide-web search engine for Yahoo following a beta trial in 1999.24 edit Post dot-com bubble (200282112009) Yahoo was one of the surviving large Internet companies after the dot-com bubble burst. Nevertheless, on September 26, 2001, Yahoo stocks closed at a five-year low of 4.06 (split-adjusted). Yahoo formed partnerships with telecommunications and Internet providers to create content-rich broadband services to compete with AOL. On June 3, 2002, SBC and Yahoo launched a national co-branded dial-up Internet access service.25 In July 2003, BT Group Openworld announced an alliance with Yahoo.26 On August 23, 2005, Yahoo and Verizon Communications launched an integrated DSL service.27 In late 2002, Yahoo began to bolster its search services by acquiring other search engines. In December 2002, Yahoo acquired Inktomi Corporation. In February 2005, Yahoo acquired Konfabulator and rebranded it Yahoo Widgets,28 a desktop application and in July 2003, it acquired Overture Services, Inc. and its subsidiaries AltaVista and AlltheWeb. On February 18, 2004, Yahoo dropped Google-powered results and returned to using its own technology to provide search results. In 2004, in response to Googles release of Gmail, Yahoo upgraded the storage of all free Yahoo Mail accounts from 4 MB to 1 GB, and all Yahoo Mail Plus accounts to 2 GB. On July 9, 2004, Yahoo acquired e-mail provider Oddpost to add an Ajax interface to Yahoo Mail.29 On October 13, 2005, Yahoo and Microsoft announced that Yahoo Messenger and MSN Messenger would become interoperable. In 2007, Yahoo took out the storage meters, thus allowing users unlimited storage. Yahoo continued acquiring companies to expand its range of services, particularly Web 2.0 services. Yahoo Launchcast became Yahoo Music on February 9, 2005. On March 20, 2005, Yahoo purchased photo sharing service Flickr.30 On March 29, 2005, the company launched its blogging and social networking service Yahoo 360176. In June 2005, Yahoo acquired blo. gs, a service based on RSS feed aggregation. Yahoo then bought online social event calendar Upcoming. org on October 4, 2005. Yahoo acquired social bookmark site del. icio. us on December 9, 2005 and then playlist sharing community Webjay on January 9, 2006. On August 27, 2007, Yahoo released a new version of Yahoo Mail. It adds Yahoo Messenger integration. (which includes Windows Live Messenger due to the networks federation) and free text messages (not necessarily free to the receiver) to mobile phones in the U. S. Canada, India and the Philippines.31 On January 29, 2008, Yahoo announced that the company was laying off 1,000 employees as the company had suffered severely in its inability to effectively compete with industry search leader Google. The cuts represent 7 percent of the companys workforce of 14,300. Employees are being invited to apply for an unknown number of new positions that are expected to open as the company expands areas that promise faster growth.32 In February, 2008, Yahoo acquired Cambridge, Massachusetts-based Maven Networks, a supplier of internet video players and video advertising tools, for approx. 160 million. Yahoo announced on November 17, 2008 that Yang would be stepping down as CEO.33 On December 10, 2008, Yahoo began laying off 1,520 employees around the world as the company managed its way through the global economic downturn.34 By carefully managing expenses, Yahoo has remained one of the most profitable pure-Internet companies in the world35. and maintains billions of dollars on its balance sheet36, despite continued softness in the advertising world. edit Acquisition attempt by Microsoft Microsoft and Yahoo pursued merger discussions in 2005, 2006, and 2007, that were all ultimately unsuccessful. At the time, analysts were skeptical about the wisdom of a business combination.3738 On February 1, 2008, after its friendly takeover offer was rebuffed by Yahoo. Microsoft made an unsolicited takeover bid to buy Yahoo for US44.6 billion in cash and stock.3940 Days later, Yahoo considered alternatives to the merger with Microsoft, including a merger with internet giant Google41 or a potential transaction with News Corp.42 However, on February 11, 2008, Yahoo decided to reject Microsofts offer as substantially undervaluing Yahoos brand, audience, investments, and growth prospects.43 As of February 22, two Detroit based pension companies have sued Yahoo and their board of directors for breaching their duty to shareholders by opposing Microsofts takeover bid and pursuing value destructive third-party deals.44dead link In early March, Google CEO Eric Schmidt went on record saying that he was concerned that a potential MICROSOFT-Yahoo merger might hurt the Internet by compromising its openness.45 The value of Microsofts cash and stock offer declined with Microsofts stock price, falling to 42.2 billion by April 4.46 On April 5, Microsoft CEO Steve Bal lmer sent a letter to Yahoos board of directors stating that if within three weeks they had not accepted the deal, Microsoft would approach shareholders directly in hopes of a electing a new board and moving forward with merger talks this is known as a hostile takeover.47dead link In response, Yahoo stated on April 7 that they were not against a merger, but that they wanted a better offer. In addition, they stated that Microsofts aggressive approach was worsening their relationship and the chances of a friendly merger.48 Later the same day, Yahoo stated that the original 45 billion offer was not acceptable.48 Following this, there has been considerable discussion of having Time Warners AOL and Yahoo merge, instead of the originally proposed Microsoft deal.49 On May 3, 2008, Microsoft withdrew the offer. During a meeting between Ballmer and Yang, Microsoft had offered to raise its offer by 5 billion to 33 per share, while Yahoo demanded 37. One of Ballmers lieutenants suggested that Yang would implement a poison pill to make the takeover as difficult as possible, saying They are going to burn the furniture if we go hostile. They are going to destroy the place.5051 Analysts say that Yahoos shares, which closed at 28.67 on May 2, are likely to drop below 25 and perhaps as low as 20 on May 5, which would put significant pressure on Yang to engineer a turnaround of the company. Some suggest that institutional investors would file lawsuits against Yahoos board of directors for not acting in shareholder interest by refusing Microsofts offer.5253 On May 5, 2008, following Microsofts withdrawal Yahoos stock plunged some 15 lower to 23.02 in Monday trading and trimmed about 6 billion off of its market capitalization.54 After Microsofts failed bid to acquire Yahoo. Microsoft is rumored to be looking at acquiring LiveDoor, a leading Japanese portal and the leading blogging service in Japan, to strengthen its position against Yahoo Japan. On June 12, 2008, Yahoo announced that it had ended all talks with Microsoft about purchasing either part of the business (the search advertising business) or all of the company. Talks had taken place the previous weekend (June 8), during which Microsoft allegedly told Yahoo that it was no longer interested in a purchase of the entire company at the price offered earlier -- 33share. Also on June 12, Yahoo announced a non-exclusive search advertising alliance with Google.55 Upon this announcement, many executives and senior employees have announced their plans to leave the company as it appears that they have lost confidence in Yahoos strategies. According to market analysts, these pending departures are also impacting Wall Streets perception of the company.56 On July 7, 2008, Microsoft said it would reconsider proposing another bid for Yahoo if the companys nine directors were ousted at the annual meeting scheduled to be held on August 1, 2008. Microsoft believes it would be able to better negotiate with a new board.57 Billionaire investor Carl Icahn, calling the current board irrational in its approach to talks with Microsoft, launched a proxy fight to replace Yahoos board. On July 21, 2008 Yahoo settled with Carl Icahn, agreeing to appoint him and two allies to an expanded board. On November 20, 2008, almost 10 months after Microsofts initial offer of 33 per share, Yahoos stock (YHOO) dropped to a 52-week low, trading at only 8.94 per share.58 On November 30, 2008, Microsoft offered to buy Yahoos Search business for 20 billion.59 On July 29, 2009, it was announced with a 10 year deal that Microsoft will have full access to Yahoo search engine to be used in Microsoft future projects for its search engine Bing.60 Under the deal, Microsoft was not required to pay any cash up front to Yahoo. The day after the deal was announced, Yahoos share price declined more than 10 to 15.14, about 60 lower than Microsofts takeover bid a year earlier. edit Change in direction under Carol Bartz Yahoo has tried to change its direction since chief executive Carol Bartz replaced co-founder Jerry Yang in January 2009.61 In July, Microsoft and Yahoo agreed to a deal that will see Yahoos websites use both Microsofts search technology and search advertising. Yahoo in turn will become the sales team for banner advertising for both companies. While Microsoft will provide algorithmic search results, Yahoo will control the presentation and personalization of results for searches on its pages. This deal is not expected to be finalised before spring 2018 and is awaiting regulatory approval. On July 21, 2009, Yahoo launched a new version of its front page, called Metro. The new page allows users to customize it through the prominent My Favorites panel on the left side and integrate third-party web services and launch them within one page. Such applications include pages of Netflix, E-trade, Facebook, and other sites.62 edit Products and services Main article: List of Yahoo-owned sites and services Yahoo provides a wide array of internet services that cater to most online activities. It operates the web portal yahoo which provides content including the latest news, entertainment, and sports information, and gives users quick access to other Yahoo services like Yahoo Mail, Yahoo Maps, Yahoo Finance, Yahoo Groups and Yahoo Messenger. The majority of the product offerings are available globally in more than 20 languages. edit Storing personal information As of December 11, 2007, Google and Microsofts Bing store personal information for 18 months and Yahoo and AOL (Time Warner) retain search requests for 13 months.63 edit Communication Yahoo provides internet communication services such as Yahoo Messenger and Yahoo Mail, the largest e-mail service in the world, with almost half the market share.64 In March 2007, Yahoo announced that their e-mail service would offer unlimited storage beginning May 2007.65 Yahoo also offers social networking services and user-generated content in products such as My Web, Yahoo Personals, Yahoo 360176, Delicious, Flickr, and Yahoo Buzz. Yahoo Photos was shut down on September 20, 2007 in favor of Flickr. On October 16, 2007, Yahoo announced that they will no longer provide support or perform bug fixes on Yahoo 360176 as they intend to abandon it in early 2008 in favor of a universal profile that will be similar to their Mash experimental system.66 edit Content Yahoo partners with hundreds of premier content providers in products such as Yahoo Sports, Yahoo Finance, Yahoo Music, Yahoo Movies, Yahoo News, Yahoo Answers and Yahoo Games to provide media contents and news. Yahoo also provides a personalization service, My Yahoo. which enables users to collect their favorite Yahoo features, content feeds, and information into a single page. On March 31, 2008 Yahoo launched web portal shine. yahoo another Yahoo property dedicated to women between the ages of 25 and 54. Yahoo called this demographic underserved by current Yahoo properties. edit Co-branded Internet services Yahoo has developed partnerships with different broadband providers such as ATT (via BellSouth SBC), Verizon Communications, Rogers Communications and British Telecom, offering a range of free and premium Yahoo content and services to subscribers. edit Mobile Yahoo Mobile includes services for on-the-go messaging, such as email, instant messaging, and mobile blogging information, such as search and alerts and fun and games, including ring tones, mobile games, and Yahoo Photos for camera phones. These require software to be installed on the users device. edit oneSearch Yahoo introduced its Internet search system, called oneSearch, developed for mobile phones on March 20, 2007. The companys officials stated that in distinction from ordinary Web searches, Yahoos new service presents a list of actual information, which may include: news headlines, images from Yahoos Flickr photos site, business listings, local weather and links to other sites. Instead of showing only, for example, popular movies or some critical reviews, oneSearch lists local theaters that at the moment are playing a certain movie, user ratings and news headlines regarding the movie. A zip code or city name is required for Yahoo oneSearch to start delivering local search results. The results of a Web search are listed on a single page and are prioritized into categories. The list of results is based on calculations that Yahoo computers make on certain information the user is seeking.67 Yahoo has announced they also plan to adopt Novarras mobile content transcoding service for the oneSearch platform.68 edit Commerce Yahoo offers commerce services such as Yahoo Shopping, Yahoo Autos, Yahoo Real Estate and Yahoo Travel, which enables users to gather relevant information and make commercial transactions and purchases online. In addition, Yahoo offers an e-commerce platform called Yahoo Merchant Solutions (also known as Yahoo Store) and hosts more Top 500 internet retailers than any other hosted e-commerce solution. Yahoo Auctions were discontinued in 2007 except for Asia.69 edit Small business Yahoo provides services such as Yahoo Domains, Yahoo Web Hosting, Yahoo Merchant Solutions, Yahoo Business Email, and Yahoo Store to small business owners and professionals allowing them to build their own online stores using Yahoos tools. Yahoo also offers HotJobs to help recruiters find the talent they seek. edit Advertising Yahoo Search Marketing provides services such as Sponsored Search, Local Advertising, and ProductTravelDirectory Submit that let different businesses advertise their products and services on the Yahoo network. Yahoo Publisher Network is an advertising tool for online publishers to place advertisements relevant to their content to monetize their websites.70 Yahoo launched its new Internet advertisement sales system on February 5, 2007 called Panama. It allows advertisers to bid for search terms based on their popularity to display their ads on search results pages. The system takes bids, ad quality, click-through rates and other factors into consideration in determining how ads are ranked on search results pages. Through Panama, Yahoo aims to provide more relevant search results to users, a better overall experience, as well as increase monetization8212to earn more from the ads it shows.71 On April 7, 2008, Yahoo announced APT from Yahoo. which was originally called AMP from Yahoo72, an online advertising management platform.73 The platform seeks to simplify advertising sales by unifying buyer and seller markets. The service was launched in September 2008.74 edit Yahoo Next Yahoo Next is an incubation ground for future Yahoo technologies currently in their beta testing phase. It contains forums for Yahoo users to give feedback to assist in the development of these future Yahoo technologies. it was created by Jerry Page and David Shin. edit Yahoo BOSS Yahoo Search BOSS is a new service that allows developers to build search applications based on Yahoos search technology.75 Early Partners in the program include Hakia, Me. dium, Delver, Daylife and Yebol.76 edit Yahoo Meme Yahoo Meme is a beta social service, similar to the popular social networking site Twitter. edit Revenue model About 88 of total revenues for the fiscal year 2006 came from marketing services. The largest segment of it comes from search advertising, where advertisers bid for search terms to display their ads on the search results, on average Yahoo makes 2.5 cents to 3 cents from each search. With the new search advertising system Panama Yahoo aims to increase revenue generated from search.77 Other forms of advertising which bring in revenue for Yahoo include display and contextual advertising. Working with comScore, The New York Times found that Yahoo is able to collect far more data about Web users than its competitors from its Web sites and its advertising network. By one measure, on average Yahoo had the potential in December 2007 to build a profile of 2,500 records per month about each of its visitors.78 edit Criticism and controversy edit Nazi memorabilia controversy For more details on this topic, see LICRA v. Yahoo. In 2000, Yahoo was taken to court in France by parties seeking to prevent French citizens from purchasing memorabilia relating to the Nazi Party. Yahoo France had already instituted policies preventing the sale of Nazi memorabilia on its site, and prohibiting Nazi-based discussions on its message boards, but the parties sought to have Yahoo introduce censorship technology to block French citizens from accessing similar material on Yahoo websites in countries where local laws permitted Nazi related auctionsdiscussions.79 edit Yahoo paid inclusion controversy In March 2004, Yahoo launched a paid inclusion program whereby commercial websites are guaranteed listings on the Yahoo search engine after payment.80 This scheme is lucrative, but has proved unpopular both with website marketers (who are reluctant to pay), and the public (who are unhappy about the paid-for listings being indistinguishable from other search results).81 As of October 2006, Paid Inclusion doesnt guarantee any commercial listing, it only helps the paid inclusion customers, by crawling their site more often and by providing some statistics on the searches that le d to the page and some additional smart links (provided by customers as feeds) below the actual url. edit Adware and spyware Yahoo has also been criticized for providing ads via the Yahoo ad network to companies who display them through spyware and adware which display on-screen pop-ups, generated from adware that a user may have installed on their computer without realizing it, sometimes by accepting online offers to download software to fix computer clocks or improve computer security, add browser enhancements, etc. As an example, users who have allowed their machine to become infected with spyware will see advertising pop-ups generated from advertising distributor Walnut Ventures, who had a direct partnership with Direct Revenue.8283 edit Work in the Peoples Republic of China 8220 While technologically and financially you Yahoo are giants, morally you are pygmies84 8221 8212Tom Lantos, chairman of the House Foreign Affairs Committee (2007) Yahoo. along with Google China, Microsoft, Cisco Systems, AOL, Skype, Nortel and others, has cooperated with the Chinese government in implementing a system of internet censorship in mainland China. Unlike Google or Microsoft, which keep confidential records of its users outside mainland China, Yahoo stated that the company will not protect the privacy and confidentiality of its Chinese customers from the authorities.85 Human rights advocates such as Human Rights Watch and media groups such as Reporters Without Borders state that it is ironic that companies whose existence depends on freedom of information and expression have taken on the role of censor.86 edit Imprisonment of Chinese dissidents edit Shi Tao Main article: Shi Tao In September 2005, Reporters Without Borders reported the following story. In April 2005, Shi Tao, a journalist working for a Chinese newspaper, was sentenced to 10 years in prison by the Changsha Intermediate Peoples Court of Hunan Province, China (First trial case no. 29), for providing state secrets to foreign entities. The secrets were a brief list of censorship orders he sent from a Yahoo Mail account to the Asia Democracy Forum before the anniversary of the Tiananmen Square Incident.87 The verdict as published by the Chinese government stated the following. Shi Tao had sent the email through an anonymous Yahoo account. Yahoo Holdings (the Hong Kong subsidiary of Yahoo) told the Chinese government that the IP address used to send the email was registered by the Hunan newspaper that Shi Tao worked for. Police went straight to his offices and picked him up. In February 2006, Yahoo General Counsel submitted a statement to the U. S. Congress in which Yahoo denied knowing the true nature of the case against Shi Tao.88 In April 2006, Yahoo Holdings (Hong Kong) was investigated by Hong Kongs Privacy Commissioner for Personal Data. On 2 June 2006, the union representing journalists in the UK and Ireland (National Union of Journalists) called on its 40,000 members to boycott all Yahoo Inc. products and services to protest the Internet companys reported actions in China.89 In July 2007, evidence surfaced detailing the warrant which the Chinese authorities sent to Yahoo officials, highlighting State Secrets as the charge against Shi Tao. The warrant requests Email account registration information for huoyan1989yahoo. cn, all login times, corresponding IP addresses, and relevant email content from February 22, 2004 to present.909192 Analyst reports and human rights organizations have said that this evidence directly contradicts Yahoos testimony before the U. S. Congress in February 2006.93 Yahoo contends it must respect the laws of governments in jurisdictions where it is operating. edit Li Zhi Main article: Li Zhi (dissident) Criticism of Yahoo intensified in February 2006 when Reporters Without Borders released Chinese court documents stating that Yahoo aided Chinese authorities in the case of dissident Li Zhi. In December 2003 Li Zhi was sentenced to 8 years imprisonment for inciting subversion. edit Sued in US court for outing Chinese dissident Wang Xiaoning Main article: Wang Xiaoning Wang Xiaoning is a Chinese dissident from Shenyang who was arrested by authorities of the Peoples Republic of China for publishing controversial material online. In 2000 and 2001, Wang, who was an engineer by profession, posted electronic journals in a Yahoo group calling for democratic reform and an end to single-party rule. He was arrested in September 2002 after Yahoo assisted Chinese authorities by providing information. In September 2003, Wang was convicted of charges of incitement to subvert state power and sentenced to ten years in prison.94 On April 18, 2007, Xiaonings wife Yu Ling sued Yahoo under human rights laws in federal court in San Francisco, California, United States.95 Wang Xiaoning is named as a plaintiff in the Yahoo suit, which was filed with help from the World Organization for Human Rights USA. Yahoo is guilty of an act of corporate irresponsibility, said Morton Sklar, executive director of the group. Yahoo had reason to know that if they provided China with identification information that those individuals would be arrested.96 Yahoos decision to assist Chinas authoritarian government came as part of a policy of reconciling its services with the Chinese governments policies. This came after China blocked Yahoo services for a time. As reported in The Washington Post and many media sources: The suit says that in 2001, Wang was using a Yahoo e-mail account to post anonymous writings to an Internet mailing list. The suit alleges that Yahoo. under pressure from the Chinese government, blocked that account. Wang set up a new account via Yahoo and began sending material again the suit alleges that Yahoo gave the government information that allowed it to identify and arrest Wang in September 2002. The suit says prosecutors in the Chinese courts cited Yahoos cooperation.96 Human rights organizations groups are basing their case on a 217-year-old U. S. law to punish corporations for human rights violations abroad, an effort the Bush administration has opposed: In recent years, activists working with overseas plaintiffs have sued roughly two dozen businesses under the Alien Tort Statute, which the activists say grants jurisdiction to American courts over acts abroad that violate international norms. Written by the Founding Fathers in 1789 for a different purpose, the law was rarely invoked until the 1980s.96 On August 28, 2007, the World Organization for Human Rights sued Yahoo for allegedly passing information (email and IP address) with the Chinese government that caused the arrests of writers and dissidents. The lawsuit was filed in San Francisco for journalists, Shi Tao, and Wang Xiaoning. Yahoo stated that it supported privacy and free expression for it worked with other technology companies to solve human rights concerns.97 On November 6, 2007, the US congressional panel criticized Yahoo for not giving full details to the House Foreign Affairs Committee the previous year, stating it had been at best inexcusably negligent and at worst deceptive.98 edit Chatrooms and message boards As a result of media scrutiny relating to Internet child predators and a lack of significant ad revenues, Yahoos user created chatrooms were closed down in June 2005.99 Yahoo News message board section was closed December 19, 2006, due to the trolling phenomenon.100 In 2009, it was discovered that Yahoos message boards were prone to a vulnerability that allowed board participants to execute JavaScript on readers computers as they searched the boards. Using this cross-site scripting bug, one could also grab a users Yahoo cookie, which could then be used to impersonate them online, even without their Yahoo password. Yahoo fixed the vulnerability in September 2009.101 edit Image search On May 25, 2006, Yahoos image search was criticized for bringing up sexually explicit images even when SafeSearch was on. This was discovered by a teacher who was intending to use the service with a class to search for Yahoos response to this was, Yahoo is aware of this issue and is working to resolve it as quickly as possible.102 edit Shark finning controversy Yahoo is a 40 owner of Alibaba, which facilitates the sale of shark-derived products.103 After investing in Alibaba, Yahoo executives were asked about this issue, and responded: We know the sale of shark products is both legal in Asia and a centuries-old tradition. This issue is largely a cultural-practices one.104 However, the cultural claim (which is pushed by the trade, as in this article about Disney continuing to offer sharks fin soup)105 has been contested.106 As a minority-owner of Alibaba, Yahoo is not able to directly control that companys actions in China. edit Closing Down Services edit Closing down Geocities Geocities was a popular web hosting service founded in 1994. At one point it was the 3rd most-browsed site on the World Wide Web.107 Yahoo purchased Geocities in 1999. Ten years later Yahoo closed Geocities,108 deleting millions of web pages in the process. A great deal of information was certainly lost but many of those sites pages have been mirrored at the Internet Archive109, OOcities, and more.110 edit Closing down Yahoo 360176 beta Yahoo 360176 was a popular bloggingsocial networking beta service launched in March 2005 by Yahoo. On July 13, 2009 Yahoo closed it down.111 edit Closing Down Mash Beta Yahoo Mash beta was another social service closed after one year of operation. It never left Beta .112 edit Closing Down Yahoo Photos Yahoo Photos was shut down on September 20, 2007 in favor of Flickr edit Closing down Yahoo Tech Yahoo Tech is a web site that provides product information and setup advice to users. Yahoo launched the web site in May 2006. On February 11, 2018 Yahoo announced that it will close down Yahoo Tech on 11 March. The site thereafter will redirect users to Yahoos technology news section.113 edit Other discontinued services Other discontinued services include Farechase, My Web, Audio Search, Pets, Live, Kickstart, Briefcase, and Yahoo for Teachers.114 For Complete list of closed services see: List of other Yahoo closed and defunct services edit Yahoo subject of cyber attacks originating in China Adobe and Yahoo appear to have been among the targets of cyber attacks originating in China that prompted Google Inc. to threaten to leave the Asian nation in a surprise announcement on January 12, 2018.115 edit Financial data Financial data, US million116 Year 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Sales 1 625 3 574 5 258 6 426 6 969 EBITDA 453 1 000 1 505 1 066 Net Results 238 840 1 896 751 660 Staff 5 500 7 600 9 800 11 400 edit Yahoo International Yahoo is known across the world with its multi-lingual interface. The site is available in over 20 languages, including English. The official directory for all of the Yahoo International sites is world. yahoo. Each of the international sites are wholly-owned by Yahoo. with the exception of Yahoo Japan, in which it holds a 34.79 minority stake 1 and Yahoo7 in Australia which is a 50-50 agreement between Yahoo and The Seven Network. Historically, Yahoo entered into joint venture agreements with Softbank for the major European sites (UK, France, Germany) and well as Korea and Japan. In November 2005, Yahoo purchased the minority interests that Softbank owned in Europe and Korea. Yahoo holds a 40 stake in Alibaba, which manages a web portal in China using the Yahoo brand name. Yahoo in the USA does not have direct control over the operations of Alibaba, which operates as a completely independent company. In 2008, Darren Petterson, business development director for Yahoo Europe confirmed that Yahoo was going to launch a Romanian version of their website by the end of the year,117118 however, due to the financial crisis at that time, those plans were frozen.119 In February 2018, new reports appeared in the Romanian media claiming that the portal will finally launch by June the same year, as some services like Yahoo Mail and Yahoo Mobile are already translated into Romanian.120181 edit Logos and themes The first logo was used when the company was founded in 1995. It was red and had three icons on each side.122 The logo used on the main page yahoo used to be red with a black outline and shadow, but in May 2009, along with a new theme redesign, the logo was changed to purple with no outline or shadow. Sometimes, the logo is abbreviated with Y.123 Themes and page designs are different on some international Yahoo home pages, such as Yahoo Australia. Yahoo adalah sebuah portal web populer yang dioperasikan perusahaan yang bernama Yahoo Inc. yang dirintis oleh oleh David Filo dan Jerry Yang. Yahoo pada awalnya hanyalah semacam bookmark (petunjuk halaman buku), ide itu berawal pada bulan April 1994, saat itu dua orang alumni Universitas Stanford mendapat liburan ketika profesor mereka pergi ke luar kota karena cuti besar. Dua mahasiswa teknik tersebut mempunyai sedikit pekerjaan yang harus dilakukan selain menjelajah internet. Mereka tidak membutuhkan waktu lama untuk mengkompilasi sebuah daftar bookmark yang besar, yang dikelompokkan berdasarkan subyek. Kemudian mereka berpikir untuk memasukannya di web, dan mulai bekerja membuat sebuah program database untuk menanganinya sehingga dapat memberikan hasil secara online. Koleksi bookmark tersebut, sekarang dikenal sebagai Yahoo. menerima sejumlah 80 juta pengunjung setiap bulan (sensus tahun 2000). Yahoo paid inclusion controversy In March 2004, Yahoo launched a paid inclusion program whereby commercial websites are guaranteed listings on the Yahoo search engine after payment.1 This scheme is lucrative, but has proved unpopular both with website marketers (who are reluctant to pay), and the public (who are unhappy about the paid-for listings being indistinguishable from other search results).2 As of October 2006, Paid Inclusion doesnt guarantee any commercial listing, it only helps the paid inclusion customers, by crawling their site more often and by providing some statistics on the searches that led to the page and some additional smart links (provided by customers as feeds) below the actual url. edit Adware and spyware Yahoo has also been criticized for funding spyware and adware 8212 advertising from Yahoo8217s clients often appears on-screen in pop-ups generated from adware that a user may have installed on their computer without realizing it by accepting online offers to download software to fix computer clocks or improve computer security, add browser enhancements, etc. The frequency of advertising pop-ups for spyware, generated from a partnership with advertising distributor Walnut Ventures, who had a direct partnership with Direct Revenue, could be increased or decreased based on Yahoo8217s immediate revenue needs, according to some former employees in Yahoo8217s sales department.34 edit Work in the Peoples Republic of China 8220 While technologically and financially you Yahoo are giants, morally you are pygmies 8221 8212Tom Lantos, chairman of the House Foreign Affairs Committee (2007)5 Yahoo. along with Google China, Microsoft, Cisco, AOL, Skype, Nortel and others, has cooperated with the Chinese Communist Government in implementing a system of internet censorship in mainland China. Unlike Google or Microsoft, which keep confidential records of its users outside mainland China, Yahoo stated that the company will not protect the privacy and confidentiality of its mainland Chinese customers from the authorities.6 Critics say that the companies put profits before principles.7 Human Rights Watch and Reporters Without Borders state that it is ironic that companies whose existence depends on freedom of information and expression have taken on the role of censor.8 edit Outing of Chinese dissidents edit Shi Tao Main article: Shi Tao In September 2005, Reporters Without Borders reported the following story. In April 2005, Shi Tao, a journalist working for a Chinese newspaper, was sentenced to 10 years in prison by the Changsha Intermediate Peoples Court of Hunan Province, China (First trial case no. 29), for providing state secrets to foreign entities. The secrets were a brief list of censorship orders he sent from a Yahoo Mail account to the Asia Democracy Forum before the anniversary of the Tiananmen Square Incident.9 The verdict as published by the Chinese government stated the following. Shi Tao had sent the email through an anonymous Yahoo account. Yahoo Holdings (the Hong Kong subsidiary of Yahoo) told the Chinese government that the IP address used to send the email was registered by the Hunan newspaper that Shi Tao worked for. Police went straight to his offices and picked him up. In February 2006, Yahoo General Counsel submitted a statement to the U. S. Congress in which Yahoo denied knowing the true nature of the case against Shi Tao.10 In April 2006, Yahoo Holdings (Hong Kong) was investigated by Hong Kongs Privacy Commissioner for Personal Data. On 2 June 2006, the union representing journalists in the UK and Ireland (NUJ) called on its 40,000 members to boycott all Yahoo Inc. products and services to protest the Internet companys reported actions in China.11 8220 Its complicated.5 8221 8212Michael Callaham, General Counsel, Yahoo. testifying before the House Foreign Affairs Committee (2007) In July 2007, evidence surfaced detailing the warrant which the Chinese authorities sent to Yahoo officials, highlighting State Secrets as the charge against Shi Tao. The warrant requests Email account registration information for huoyan1989yahoo. cn, all login times, corresponding IP addresses, and relevant email content from February 22, 2004 to present.121314 Analyst reports and human rights organizations have said that this evidence directly contradicts Yahoo8217s testimony before the U. S. Congress in February 2006.15 Yahoo contends it must respect the laws of governments in jurisdictions where it is operating. edit Li Zhi Main article: Li Zhi (dissident) Criticism of Yahoo intensified in February 2006 when Reporters Without Borders released Chinese court documents stating that Yahoo aided Chinese authorities in the case of dissident Li Zhi. In December 2003 Li Zhi was sentenced to 8 years imprisonment for inciting subversion. edit Wang Xiaoning Main article: Wang Xiaoning Wang Xiaoning is a Chinese dissident from Shenyang who was arrested by authorities of the Peoples Republic of China for publishing controversial material online. In 2000 and 2001, Wang, who was an engineer by profession, posted electronic journals in a Yahoo group calling for democratic reform and an end to single-party rule. He was arrested in September 2002 after Yahoo assisted Chinese authorities by providing information. In September 2003, Wang was convicted of charges of incitement to subvert state power and sentenced to ten years in prison.16 On April 18, 2007, Xiaonings wife Yu Ling sued Yahoo under human rights laws in federal court in San Francisco, California, United States.17 Wang Xiaoning is named as a plaintiff in the Yahoo suit, which was filed with help from the World Organization for Human Rights USA. Yahoo is guilty of an act of corporate irresponsibility, said Morton Sklar, executive director of the group. Yahoo had reason to know that if they provided China with identification information that those individuals would be arrested.18 Yahoo8217s decision to assist Chinas authoritarian government came as part of a policy of reconciling its services with the Chinese governments policies. This came after China blocked Yahoo services for a time. As reported in The Washington Post and many media sources: The suit says that in 2001, Wang was using a Yahoo e-mail account to post anonymous writings to an Internet mailing list. The suit alleges that Yahoo. under pressure from the Chinese government, blocked that account. Wang set up a new account via Yahoo and began sending material again the suit alleges that Yahoo gave the government information that allowed it to identify and arrest Wang in September 2002. The suit says prosecutors in the Chinese courts cited Yahoo8217s cooperation.18 Human rights organizations groups are basing their case on a 217-year-old U. S. law to punish corporations for human rights violations abroad, an effort the Bush administration has opposed: In recent years, activists working with overseas plaintiffs have sued roughly two dozen businesses under the Alien Tort Claims Act, which the activists say grants jurisdiction to American courts over acts abroad that violate international norms. Written by the Founding Fathers in 1789 for a different purpose, the law was rarely invoked until the 1980s.18 On August 28, 2007, the World Organization for Human Rights sued Yahoo for allegedly passing information (email and IP address) with the Chinese government that caused the arrests of writers and dissidents. The lawsuit was filed in San Francisco for journalists, Shi Tao, and Wang Xiaoning. Yahoo stated that it supported privacy and free expression for it worked with other technology companies to solve human rights concerns.19 On November 6, 2007, the US congressional panel criticised Yahoo for not giving full details to the House Foreign Affairs Committee the previous year, stating it had been at best inexcusably negligent and at worst deceptive.20 edit User-Created Chatrooms, message boards, and Profiles As a result of media scrutiny relating to Internet child predators and a lack of significant ad revenues, Yahoo8217s user created chatrooms were closed down in June 2005.21 Yahoo News message board section was closed December 19, 2006, due to the trolling phenomenon.22 In addition, in mid-October, 2008, Yahoo deleted all information in millions of user profiles with no advance notice and little explanation.23 edit Image search On May 25, 2006, Yahoo8217s image search was criticized for bringing up sexually explicit images even when SafeSearch was on. This was discovered by a teacher who was intending to use the service with a class to search for Yahoos response to this was, Yahoo is aware of this issue and is working to resolve it as quickly as possible.24 edit Sharks fin controversy Yahoo is a 40 owner of Alibaba, which facilitates the sale of shark-derived products.25 After investing in Alibaba, Yahoo executives were asked about this issue, and responded: We know the sale of shark products is both legal in Asia and a centuries-old tradition. This issue is largely a cultural-practices one.26 edit Closing down Geocities Geocities was a popular web hosting service founded in 1994. At one point it was the 3rd most-browsed site on the World Wide Web.27 Yahoo purchased Geocities in 1999. Ten years later Yahoo closed Geocities28, deleting millions of web pages in the process.29 In September 2009, a month before it was closed by Yahoo, Geocities received 10,477,049 unique visitors.30 List of acquisitions by Yahoo From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search Yahoo headquarters in Sunnyvale, California, United States Yahoo is a computer software and web search engine company founded on March 1, 1995.1 The company is a public corporation and its headquarters is located in Sunnyvale, California.2 It was founded by Stanford University graduate students Jerry Yang and David Filo in 1994.3 According to web traffic analysis companies, Yahoo has been one of the most visited websites on the Internet, with more than 130 million unique users per month in the United States alone.456 As of October 2007, the global network of Yahoo receives 3.4 billion page views per day on average, making it one of the most visited US websites.5 Yahoos first acquisition was the purchase of Net Controls, a web search engine company, in September 1997 for US1.4 million. As of April 2008, the companys largest acquisition is the purchase of Broadcast, an Internet radio company, for 5.7 billion, making Broadcast co-founder Mark Cuban a billionaire. Most of the companies acquired by Yahoo are based in the United States 47 of the companies are from the United States, and 8 are based in a foreign country. As of October 2009, Yahoo has acquired 58 companies. Contents hide 1 Acquisitions 2 References edit Acquisitions Acquisition date8595 Company8595 Business8595 Country8595 Value (USD)8595 Derived products8595 References 01997-09 September 1997 Net Controls Web search engine USA 0000000001400000.0000001,400,000 Yahoo Search 7 01997-10-08 October 8, 1997 Four11 Web-based email USA 0000000092000000.00000092,000,000 Yahoo Mail 8 01998-03-31 March 31, 1998 Classic Games Online game USA 8212 Yahoo Games 9 01998-04-29 April 29, 1998 Sportasy Fantasy sport USA 8212 Yahoo Fantasy Sports 10 01998-06-08 June 8, 1998 Viaweb Web application USA 0000000049000000.00000049,000,000 Yahoo Store 11 01998-07-17 July 17, 1998 Webcal Calendaring software USA 0000000021000000.00000021,000,000 Yahoo Calendar 12 01998-10-12 October 12, 1998 Yoyodyne Direct marketing USA 0000000029600000.00000029,600,000 Yahoo Search Marketing 13 01998-12 December 1998 Hyperparallel Data analysis USA 0000000008000000.0000008,000,000 Yahoo Search 14 01999-01-15 January 15, 1999 L ogMeIn Digital identity USA 0000000010000000.00000010,000,000 Yahoo 15 01999-04-01 April 1, 1999 Broadcast Internet radio USA 0000005700000000.0000005,700,000,000 LAUNCHcast 16 01999-05-27 May 27, 1999 Encompass Internet service provider USA 0000000130000000.000000130,000,000 Yahoo 17 01999-05-28 May 28, 1999 GeoCities Web hosting service USA 0000003600000000.0000003,600,000,000 Yahoo GeoCities 18 01999-06-02 June 2, 1999 Online Anywhere Content delivery network USA 0000000080000000.00000080,000,000 Yahoo TV 19 02000-03-23 March 23, 2000 Arthas E-commerce payment systems USA 8212 Yahoo Store 20 02000-04-05 April 5, 2000 MyQuest Internet service provider USA 8212 Yahoo 21 02000-08-31 August 31, 2000 eGroups Electronic mailing list USA 0000000432000000.000000432,000,000 Yahoo Groups 22 02000-11-09 November 9, 2000 Kimo Web portal TWN 0000000145000000.000000145,000,000 Yahoo 23 02001-02-14 February 14, 2001 Sold Online auction tools AUS 0000000030000000.00000030,000,000 Yahoo Shopping 24 02001-06-28 June 28, 2001 LAUNCH Media Online music store USA 0000000012000000.00000012,000,000 Yahoo Music 25 02002-01-11 January 11, 2002 Hotjobs Job search engine USA 0000000436000000.000000436,000,000 Yahoo HotJobs 26 02002-12-23 December 23, 2002 Inktomi Corporation Internet service provider USA 0000000235000000.000000235,000,000 Yahoo Search 27 02003-06-14 June 14, 2003 Overture Services, Inc. Search engine marketing USA 0000001630000000.0000001,630,000,000 Yahoo Search Marketing 28 02004-01 January 2004 3721 Internet Assistant Browser Helper Object CHN 0000000120000000.000000120,000,000 Yahoo Assistant 29 02004-03-26 March 26, 2004 Kelkoo Price comparison service FRA 0000000579000000.000000579,000,000 Kelkoo 30 02004-07-12 July 12, 2004 Oddpost Web-based email USA 0000000030000000.00000030,000,000 Yahoo Mail 31 02004-09-14 September 14, 2004 Musicmatch Jukebox Audio player USA 0000000160000000.000000160,000,000 Yahoo Music 32 02004-10-02 October 2, 2004 The All-Seeing Eye Game s erver browser FIN 8212 Yahoo Games 33 02004-10-22 October 22, 2004 Stata Labs Web-based email USA 8212 Yahoo Mail 34 02004-12-07 December 7, 2004 WUF Networks Mobile media USA 8212 Yahoo Mobile 35 02005-02-11 February 11, 2005 Verdisoft Computer software USA 0000000058000000.00000058,000,000 Yahoo Mobile 36 02005-03-04 March 4, 2005 Stadeon Online game USA 8212 Yahoo Games 37 02005-03-20 March 20, 2005 Ludicorp Image hosting service CAN 0000000040000000.00000040,000,000citation needed Flickr 38 02005-04-12 April 12, 2005 TeRespondo Advertising network BRA 8212 Yahoo Search Marketing 39 02005-06-14 June 14, 2005 Dialpad Voice over Internet Protocol USA 8212 Yahoo Voice 40 02005-06-14 June 14, 2005 blo. gs Weblog software USA 8212 Yahoo 360176 41 02005-07-25 July 25, 2005 Konfabulator Widget engine USA 8212 Yahoo Widgets 42 02005-10-04 October 4, 2005 Upcoming. org Calendaring software USA 8212 Yahoo Local 43 02005-10-18 October 18, 2005 Whereonearth Web mapping USA 8212 Yahoo Maps 44 0200 5-12-12 December 12, 2005 del. icio. us Social bookmarking USA 0000000020000000.00000020,000,000 del. icio. us 45 02006-01-09 January 9, 2006 Webjay Online music store USA 8212 Yahoo Music 46 02006-01-17 January 17, 2006 SearchFox Web search engine USA 8212 Yahoo Search 47 02006-04-18 April 18, 2006 Meedio Digital video recorder USA 8212 Yahoo Go 48 02006-09-27 September 27, 2006 Jumpcut Online video editing USA 8212 Yahoo Video 49 02006-10-17 October 17, 2006 AdInterax Online advertising USA 8212 Yahoo Search Marketing 50 02006-11-16 November 16, 2006 Bix Social media USA 8212 Bix 51 02006-11-17 November 17, 2006 Kenet Works Mobile software SWE 0000000025000000.00000025,000,000 Yahoo Mobile 52 02006-12 December 2006 Wretch Virtual community TWN 0000000022000000.00000022,000,000 Wretch 53 02007-01-08 January 8, 2007 MyBlogLog Social network service USA 8212 MyBlogLog 54 02007-04-29 April 29, 2007 Right Media Online advertising USA 0000000680000000.000000680,000,000 Yahoo Search Marketing 5 5 02007-06-20 June 20, 2007 Rivals College sports USA 8212 Yahoo Sports 56 02007-09-04 September 4, 2007 BlueLithium Advertising network USA 0000000300000000.000000300,000,000 Yahoo Search Marketing 57 02007-09-14 September 14, 2007 BuzzTracker News site USA 8212 Yahoo News 58 02007-09-17 September 17, 2007 Zimbra Collaborative software USA 0000000350000000.000000350,000,000 Zimbra 59 02008-02-05 February 5, 2008 FoxyTunes Browser extension USA 8212 FoxyTunes 60 02008-02-12 February 12, 2008 Maven Networks Video on demand USA 0000000160000000.000000160,000,000 Yahoo Video 61 02008-05-09 May 9, 2008 Inquisitor Browser extension USA 8212 Inquisitor 62 02009-07-22 July 22, 2009 Xoopit Webmail applications USA 0000000020000000.00000020,000,000 Yahoo Mail 63 02009-08-25 August 25, 2009 Maktoob Social media Dubai 8212 Maktoob 64 02018-03-17 March 17, 2018 citizensports Sports Social media USA 8212 citizensports 65 This is a list of Wikipedia articles about search engines, including web searc h engines, selection-based search engines, metasearch engines, desktop search tools, and web portals and vertical market websites that have a search facility for online databases. Ask (formerly Ask Jeeves) Baidu (Chinese, Japanese) Bing (formerly MSN Search and Live Search) Cuil Duck Duck Go Google Kosmix Sogou (Chinese) Yodao (Chinese) Yahoo Search Yandex (Russian) Yebol Geographical limited scope Accoona, ChinaUS Alleba, Philippines Ansearch, AustraliaUSUKNZ Daum, Korea Goo, Japan Guruji, India Leit. is, Iceland Maktoob, Arab World Onkosh, Arab World Miner. hu, Hungary Najdi. si, Slovenia Naver, Korea Rambler, Russia Rediff, India SAPO, PortugalAngolaCabo VerdeMozambique Search. ch, Switzerland Sesam, Norway, Sweden Seznam, Czech Republic Walla. Israel Yandex, Russia ZipLocal, CanadaUS Business GlobalSpec Nexis (Lexis Nexis) Thomasnet (United States) GenieKnows (United States and Canada) GetEducated (Online degree programs from the US) Enterprise See also: Enterprise search AskMeNow: S3 - Semantic Search Solution Concept Searching Limited: concept search products Dieselpoint: Search Navigation dtSearch: dtSearch Engine(SDK), dtSearch Web Endeca: Information Access Platform Exalead: exalead one:enterprise Expert System S. p.A. Cogito Fast Search Transfer: Enterprise Search Platform (ESP), RetrievalWare (formerly Convera) Funnelback: Funnelback Search IBM: OmniFind Enterprise Edition ISYS Search Software: ISYS:web, ISYS:sdk Jumper 2.0: Universal search powered by Enterprise bookmarking Microsoft: SharePoint Search Services Northern Light Open Text: Hummingbird Search Server, Livelink Search Oracle Corporation: Secure Enterprise Search 10g SAP: TREX TeraText: TeraText Suite Vivisimo: Vivisimo Clusterin g Engine X1 Technologies. X1 Enterprise Search ZyLAB Technologies: ZyIMAGE Information Access Platform Taptu: taptu mobilesocial search Job Main articles: Job search engine and Employment website See also: Category:Job search engines Bixee (India) CareerBuilder (USA) Craigslist (by city) Dice (USA) Eluta. ca (Canada) Hotjobs (USA) Incruit (Korea) Indeed (USA) LinkUp (USA) Monster (USA), (India) Naukri (India) WestLaw Lexis (Lexis Nexis) Quicklaw Manupatra Bioinformatic Harvester Entrez (includes Pubmed) EB-eye EMBL-EBIs Search engine GenieKnows GoPubMed (knowledge-based: GO - GeneOntology and MeSH - Medical Subject Headings) Healia Searchmedica WebMD PubGene Nextbio (Life Science Search Engine) VADLO (Life Sciences Search Engine) Google News Daylife MagPortal Newslookup Nexis (Lexis Nexis) Topix Yahoo News PeekYou Ex. plode. us InfoSpace Spock Spokeo Wink Zabasearch ZoomInfo Fizber Home. co. uk HotPads Rightmove Zillow By information type Search engines dedicated to a specific kind of information Forum Amatomu Bloglines BlogScope IceRocket Sphere Technorati Multimedia See also: Multimedia search Bing Videos blinkx FindSounds Google Video Munaxs PlayAudioVideo Picsearch Pixsta Podscope ScienceStage Songza SeeqPod Veveo TinEye Yahoo Video YouTube Google Code Search JExamples Koders Krugle These search engines work across the BitTorrent protocol. Btjunkie FlixFlux Isohunt Mininova The Pirate Bay TorrentSpy Torrentz Wiki Mapia Bing Maps Goportail Google Maps MapQuest Yahoo Maps Google Product Search (formerly Froogle) Kelkoo MSN Shopping MySimon PriceGrabber PriceRunner PriceSCAN Shopping ShopWiki Shopzilla (also operates Bizrate) TheFind Wishabi Question and answer Human answers Answers eHow Uclue Yahoo Answers Stack Overflow DeeperWeb Automatic answers See also: Question answering AskMeNow BrainBoost True Knowledge Wolfram Alpha Natural language See also: Natural language search engine and Semantic search Ask Bing (Semantic ability is powered by Powerset) BrainBoost hakia Lexxe Powerset By model Open source search engines DataparkSearch Egothor Grub Ht:dig Isearch Lucene Lemur Toolkit Indri Search Engine mnoGoSearch Namazu Nutch OpenFTS Sciencenet (for scientific knowledge, based on YaCy technology) Sphinx SWISH-E Terrier Search Engine Wikia Search Xapian YaCy Zettair Semantic browsing engines Evri Hakia Yebol Social search engines See also: Social search, Relevance feedback, and Human search engine ChaCha Search Delver EarthFrisk. org Eurekster Mahalo OneRiot Rollyo Sproose Trexy Wikia search Wink provides web search by analyzing user contributions such as bookmarks and feedback Metasearch engines See also: Metasearch engine Brainboost ChunkIt Clusty Dogpile Excite Harvester42 HotBot Info Ixquick Kayak LeapFish Mamma Metacrawler MetaLib Mobissimo Myriad Search SideStep Turbo10 WebCrawler DeeperWeb Visual search engines ChunkIt Grokker Pixsta PubGene Viewzi Google: Google Search Appliance Desktop search engines See also: Desktop search Name8595 Platform8595 Remarks8595 License8595 Autonomy Windows IDOL Enterprise Desktop Search. Proprietary, commercial Beagle Linux Open source desktop search tool for Linux based on Lucene A mix of the X11MIT License and the Apache License Copernic Desktop Search Windows Considered best overall search engine in 2005 UW benchmark study.1 Free for home use Docco cross-platform (Java) Based on Apaches indexing and search engine Lucene, and it requires a Java Runtime Environment. BSD License 2 Docfetcher Cross-platform Open source desktop search tool for Windows and Linux, based on Apache Lucene Eclipse Public License dtSearch Desktop Windows Proprietary (30 day trial) Easyfind Mac OS Freeware Google Desktop Linux, Mac OS, Windows Integrates with the main Google search engine page. 5.9 Release now supports x64 systems. Freeware GNOME Storage Linux Open Source desktop search tool for UnixLinux GPL imgSeek Linux, Mac OS, Windows Desktop content-based image search GPL v2 3 InSight Desktop Search Windows Metadata-based search utility Freeware ISYS Search Software Windows ISYS:desktop search software. Proprietary (14 day trial) Likasoft Archivarius 3000 Windows - Proprietary (30 day trial) Meta Tracker Linux, Unix Open Source desktop search tool for UnixLinux GPL v2 4 Recoll Linux, Unix Open Source desktop search tool for UnixLinux GPL 5 Spotlight Mac OS Found in Apple Mac OS X Tiger and later OS X releases. Proprietary Strigi Linux, Unix, Solaris, Mac OS X and Windows Cross-platform open source desktop search engine LGPL v2 6 Terrier Search Engine Linux, Mac OS, Unix Desktop search for Windows, Mac OS X (Tiger), UnixLinux. MPL Tropes Zoom Windows Semantic Search Engine. Freeware and commercial Windows Search Windows Part of Windows Vista and later OSs. Available as Windows Desktop Search for Windows XP and Server 2003. Does not support indexing UNC paths on x64 systems. Proprietary, freeware X1 Professional Client Windows Formerly Yahoo Desktop Search, then X1 Desktop Search, then X1 Enterprise Client Proprietary (30 day trial) Usenet Google Groups (formerly Deja News) Timeline of events for Yahoo From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search Timeline of major events for Yahoo. January 1994: Jerry Yang and David Filo create Jerrys Guide to the World Wide Web while studying at Stanford University. April 1994: Jerrys Guide to the World Wide Web is renamed Yahoo March 1995: Yahoo is incorporated. 1995: Ziff Davis Inc. launches the magazine Yahoo Internet Life, initially as ZD Internet Life. The magazine was meant to accompany and complement the website. April 12, 1996: Yahoo has Initial public offering, closing at 33.00, up 270 from the IPO price, after peaking at 43.00 for the day. October 8, 1997: Yahoo acquires Four11, and Four11s Rocketmail service becomes Yahoo Mail. June 8, 1998: Yahoo acquires Viaweb, co-founded by Paul Graham, which becomes Yahoo Store. October 12, 1998: Yahoo acquires direct marketing company Yoyodyne Entertainment, Inc.1 January 28, 1999: Yahoo acquires Geocities. April 1, 1999: Yahoo acquires Broadcast. January 3, 2000: Yahoo stocks close at an all-time high of 475.00 (pre-split price) a share. The day before, it hit an intra-day high of 500.13 (pre-split price). January 19, 2000: At the height of the Dot-com tech bubble, shares in Yahoo Japan became the first stocks in Japanese history to trade at over 165100,000,000, reaching a price of 101.4 million yen (962,140 at that time).2 February 7, 2000: Yahoo was brought to a halt for a few hours as it was the victim of a distributed denial of service attack (DDoS).34 On the next day, its shares rose about 16, or 4.5 percent as the failure was blamed on hackers rather than on an internal glitch, unlike a fault with eBay earlier that year. May 22, 2000: A French judge LICRAv. Yahoo ordered Yahoo to ban Nazi-related sites from its search engine, and to stop to act as an intermediary on bids for objects with racist overtones. Yahoo denied the French courts jurisdiction over a United States based company, and the tribunals requests were finally abandoned in 2003. Yahoo eventually quit voluntarily trading on Nazi and Ku Klux Klan bibelots.56 June 28, 2000: Yahoo acquires eGroups. March 7, 2001: Yahoo CEO Tim Koogle announces he will step down and remain only a company board member. April 17, 2001: Terry Semel announced as the new Yahoo CEO. September 26, 2001 Yahoo stocks close at an all-time low of 8.11. The day before, it hit an intra-day low of 8.02 (both figures are pre-split prices). October 2001: Yahoo acquires Australian online auction site Sold from Fairfax Media for 30 million December 27, 2001: Yahoo acquires HotJobs. January 22, 2001: Yahoo acquires Hotjobs for 436 million June 3, 2002: SBC and Yahoo Launch National Co-Branded Dial Service -- Press Release December 2002: Yahoo Inc. starts acquisition of Inktomi Web search engine July, 2003: BT Openworld announces an alliance with Yahoo -- Press Release July 2003, Yahoo acquires Overture Services, Inc. January 19, 2004: Yahoo Inc. announces the formation of Yahoo Research Labs, a research organization focusing on the invention of new technologies and solutions for Yahoo. Yahoos Head and Principal Scientist, Dr. Gary William Flake, leads the new organization. Dr. Flake has since left the company and now works at Microsoft. February 19, 2004: Yahoo drops Google-powered results, launching its own web-crawling algorithm and using its own site index after it had used Googles results for a long time. March 2004: Yahoo launches its own search engine technology. March 1, 2004: Yahoo announces (as cited in the New York Times article listed in the References section) that it will practice paid inclusion for its search service. However, it also announced it would continue to rely mainly on a free web crawl for most of its search engine content. March 25, 2004: Yahoo acquires the European shopping search engine Kelkoo. July 9, 2004 Yahoo acquires email provider Oddpost.7 November 4, 2004: Yahoo acquires game platform provider Stadeon. December 15, 2004: Yahoo launches beta version of its video search engine. February 9, 2005 Yahoo Launch is changed to Yahoo Music, which still provides free music. February 15, 2005 Yahoo establishes its European Headquarters in Dublin, Ireland with the creation of 400 new jobs.8 February 28, 2005 Yahoo launches a developer network giving an API to most of its search verticals. March 2, 2005 Yahoo completes 10 years of corporate existence. To celebrate this, it gives free ice cream coupons at Baskin Robbins to its users. March 20, 2005 Yahoo acquires photo sharing service Flickr. March 29, 2005 Yahoo launch blogging and social networking service Yahoo 360176 April 7, 2005 Wikimedia Foundation announces Yahoo support.9 May 26, 2005 Yahoo announces its new PhotoMail service June 14, 2005 Yahoo acquires VoIP provider DialPad Communications. July 15, 2005 Yahoo announces Yahoo Research Berkeley July 25, 2005 Yahoo acquires widget engine Konfabulator August 11, 2005 Yahoo acquires 40 of Alibaba for 1 billion US, and Alibaba will take over operation of Yahoo China.10 August 23, 2005: Verizon and Yahoo Launch Integrated DSL Service -- 11 September 7, 2005. Yahoo supplies information to Peoples Republic of China which then jails reporter Shi Tao, age 37, for 10 years. Yahoo states that they were following Chinese law.12 October 4, 2005 Yahoo purchases online social event calendar Upcoming. org.13 October 17, 2005 Yahoo buys British company Whereonearth Ltd which provides location technology. November 15, 2005 The sports section of My Yahoo is hacked titles such as selfhood conscience and aesthetic freedom link to various pages at doublereflection. org. December 1, 2005 - Tivo and Yahoo form a partnership where several Yahoo features can be viewed on television via the Series2 TiVO set top box. 3, 4 December 8 (US time) 9, (Australian time) 2005 Yahoo7 announced for January 2006. Official Site December 9, 2005 Yahoo acquires del. icio. us. January 9, 2006 Yahoo acquires webjay January 2006: Yahoo announces 50:50 joint venture in Australia with the Seven Network, called Yahoo7. Official Site February 12, 2006 Yahoo Developer Network PHP Center launched. May 1, 2006 Yahoo launches Yahoo Tech. August 31, 2006 Yahoo retires former frontpage. September 27, 2006 Yahoo acquires online video editing site Jumpcut. September 29 to September 30, 2006 Yahoo hosts an Open Hack Day (external site), featuring a musical performance by Beck December 5, 2006 Yahoo announces a significant re-organization, including the departure of Dan Rosensweig (COO), Lloyd Braun and John Marcom. Sue Decker is promoted from CFO, and other business unit shifts are made. December 13, 2006: Yahoo announces YahooXtra, a joint venture in New Zealand between its Australian JV, Yahoo7, and Telecom NZ. January 8, 2007 Yahoo acquires MyBlogLog.14 February 5, 2007 Yahoo launches a new search advertising system Panama.15 March 1, 2007 Localised New Zealand internet portal, YahooXtra, launches. Official Site March 2007: Yahoo acquires Taiwan blogging site wretch. cc April 30, 2007 Yahoo announces acquisition of Right Media. June 16, 2007 Yahoo officially retires the Yahoo Auctions service. auctions. yahoo, except in some parts of Asia June 18, 2007 Yahoo co-founder, Jerry Yang, replaces Terry Semel as CEO.16 June 20, 2007 Yahoo agrees to acquire Rivals. 17 June 28, 2007 Yahoo UKIreland online auctions closes, Yahoo referring instead to eBay. July 18, 2007 Yahoo acquires 35 stake in an Indian online ad company Tyroo Media Pvt ltd. August 20, 2007 Yahoo had started to shutdown Yahoo Photos due to the fact that Flickr is now a Yahoo property. Shutdown was completed on September 20, 2007. August 27, 2007 Yahoo adds SMS features (texting), IM to e-mail September 4, 2007 Yahoo announces acquisition of BlueLithium, a company founded by industry pioneer Gurbaksh Chahal February 1, 2008 Microsoft makes 44.6 Billion dollar bid for Yahoo5 February 4, 2008 Yahoo Acquires FoxyTunes 18 February 4, 2008 Yahoo and Rhapsody Announce Strategic Partnership In Digital Music. 19 February 12, 2008 Yahoo Acquires Maven Networks, Inc. 20 February 12, 2008 Yahoo and T-Mobile Agree to Enter Into Strategic Partnership. 21 August 2008: Yahoo acquires Taiwan ecommerce site Monday. tw November 17, 2008 Yahoo co-founder and CEO Jerry Yang steps down as CEO just 18 months after he took over. 22 January 13, 2009 Carol Bartz joins Yahoo as new CEO. 23 The Yahoo Messenger Protocol is the underlying network protocol used by the Yahoo Messenger instant messaging client, for Yahoo. Yahoo Instant Messager supports many features beyond just messaging, including off-line messaging, file transfer, chat, conferencing, voice chat, webcams and avatars. The purpose of the YMSG protocol is to provide a language and series of conventions for software communicating with Yahoos Instant Messaging service. In essence YMSG performs the same role for IM as HTTP does for the World Wide Web. Unlike HTTP, however, YMSG is a proprietary standard, aligned only with a single messaging service provider (namely, Yahoo). Rival messaging services have their own protocols, some based on open standards, others proprietary, each effectively fulfilling the same role with different mechanics. One of the fundamental tenets of instant messaging is the notion that users can see when someone is connected to the network 8212 known in the jargon as presence. Yahoos protocol uses the mechanics of a standard internet connection to achieve presence, the same connection it uses to send and receive data. In order for each user to remain visible to other users on the service, signaling their availability, their Yahoo IM client software must maintain a functional, open, network connection linking the client to Yahoos IM servers. As some organizations block communication on the port used by Yahoo IM, either because they choose to whitelist certain types of internet usage (only web surfing and email, for example) or because they seek to blacklist instant messaging services, Yahoo provides an alternative route for connecting to their service which mimics the HTTP protocol used by the World Wide Web. Unfortunately, as HTTP has no inherent sense of a persistent connection, Yahoo instead relies on the client frequently contacting the server in order to approximate the sense of a connection required to give each user presence on the IM network. Originally the YMSG login procedure suffered from a security flaw known as a replay attack, in which a given password (or other authentication information) is always identically scrambled when sent across the network. This allows any attacker who witnesses the transmission to merely reproduce the message verbatim in order to successfully log in, without actually needing to know the original password (or other details) which generated it. But some time around 2000 or 2001 Yahoo upgraded its service to introduce a random element to each login attempt, defeating any further potential for replay attacks. With the exception of the login authentication details, data sent over a YMSG connection is not encrypted. YMSG uses a binary format in which the text portions of the data are transmitted in plain view. Therefore, while it is difficult for an attacker to seize control of a Yahoo IM account, it is quite easy for them to read all messages sent to and from the account holder, along with other details such as the list of friends, if the attacker has control of one of the computers through which the data is routed. edit Technical Overview The YMSG protocol communicates between the client application, and a server, using a TCPIP connection on port 5050 by default. Other ports may be used if this port is blocked. Alternatively, an HTTP route is also available for clients behind a well secured firewall, with HTTP requests being used to upload messages from the client, while downloading all messages which have accumulated on the server since the last request. The client remains logged in for as long as the TCPIP connection is kept open. Or, in the case of a client connected via HTTP, until the client fails to send a request for some time (ping messages are sent every thirty seconds or so). Messages consist of a twenty byte header, followed by a variable length table of keyvalue pairs, where the key is an ASCII representation of a numeric code representing the field type, and the value is its associated data. A two byte separator, the hexadecimal values c0 80, are used to delimit each entry in this table. Some parts of YMSG rely on other protocols. For example, file transfer is initially negotiated using YMSG, but the actual transfer of the file is done via HTTP. Webcams too use YMSG to discover and request permission to view a webcam, but HTTP to actually feed JPEG 2000 images from one client to another. Chatroom categories, rooms and lobbies are retrieved using HTTP as XML documents. Regular webcam connections use H.323. Yahoo with voice uses SIP. For calls, VoIP is handled indirectly by Yahoo servers so the chat client doesnt have direct access to it. The chatroom categories can be retrieved from here. edit Login The login process for YMSG is quite complex. First the client introduces itself with a message containing its username. The server responds with a rather long seed value. The client feeds this into a rather involved algorithm, along with the accounts password, to produce two response values looking like variable assignments which are sent to the server. If these values match the servers expectations, the client is admitted and sent data associated with that account (such as buddyfriends lists). Although the seed value looks like an equation, it is in reality little more than a series of instructions in which the operands control lookups into a series of in-built tables, and the operators determine which logic operation to perform. SHA1 is also used to create two message digest data arrays, which are then encoded using a table to resemble software variable assignments. edit Diposkan oleh Dolly Bastian di 14.36 And you will be able to make your home totally immune from power outages . blackouts . and energy grid outages 8230 so even if everyone else in your area (or even the whole country) loses power, you won8217t.